{"id":6548,"date":"2025-09-02T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2025-09-02T00:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/lp.szlogic.cn\/glossary\/what-you-should-know-about-storage-area-network-san\/"},"modified":"2026-06-22T07:55:40","modified_gmt":"2026-06-22T07:55:40","slug":"what-you-should-know-about-storage-area-network-san","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/resourceslp.szlogic.cn\/vi\/glossary\/what-you-should-know-about-storage-area-network-san","title":{"rendered":"Nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 M\u1ea1ng khu v\u1ef1c l\u01b0u tr\u1eef (SAN)"},"content":{"rendered":"
\"What<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi l\u1ea5y d\u1eef li\u1ec7u l\u00e0m trung t\u00e2m ng\u00e0y nay, c\u00e1c doanh nghi\u1ec7p t\u1ea1o ra kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u00f4ng tin quan tr\u1ecdng kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3. Vi\u1ec7c ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng l\u01b0u tr\u1eef g\u1eafn tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp (DAS) b\u1ecb c\u00f4 l\u1eadp gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t l\u00e0n \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c cu\u1ed9c \u0111ua C\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c 1\u2014n\u00f3 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 l\u01b0u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng. \u0110\u00e2y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 l\u00fac M\u1ea1ng khu v\u1ef1c l\u01b0u tr\u1eef (SAN)<\/strong> t\u1ecfa s\u00e1ng. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t xa l\u1ed9 si\u00eau t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9, nhi\u1ec1u l\u00e0n, d\u00e0nh ri\u00eang cho l\u01b0u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u01b0u tr\u1eef d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o hi\u1ec7u n\u0103ng v\u01b0\u1ee3t tr\u1ed9i v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 tin c\u1eady tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i trong c\u00e1c m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng doanh nghi\u1ec7p.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn n\u00e0y s\u1ebd gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch r\u00f5 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 SAN, kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 v\u00e0 l\u00fd gi\u1ea3i v\u00ec sao n\u00f3 v\u1eabn l\u00e0 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n v\u00e0ng cho l\u01b0u tr\u1eef d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng cao<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\ud83d\udcdd M\u1ea1ng khu v\u1ef1c l\u01b0u tr\u1eef (SAN) th\u1ef1c ch\u1ea5t l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

A M\u1ea1ng khu v\u1ef1c l\u01b0u tr\u1eef (SAN)<\/strong> l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t m\u1ea1ng chuy\u00ean bi\u1ec7t, t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 cao, li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u00e0 tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb l\u01b0u tr\u1eef chia s\u1ebb t\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7. Y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t then ch\u1ed1t l\u00e0 n\u00f3 khi\u1ebfn c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb l\u01b0u tr\u1eef n\u00e0y tr\u00f4ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1eafn c\u1ee5c b\u1ed9 v\u00e0o h\u1ec7 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh, nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy c\u1eadp qua m\u1ea1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a cho vi\u1ec7c truy\u1ec1n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u1edf c\u1ea5p kh\u1ed1i (block-level)<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

H\u00e3y h\u00ecnh dung nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0y: SAN t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t \u201cm\u1ea1ng \u0111\u1eb1ng sau c\u00e1c m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7\u201d, ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n t\u00e1ch bi\u1ec7t v\u1edbi m\u1ea1ng LAN ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n, v\u1edbi m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch duy nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 di chuy\u1ec3n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c m\u1ea3ng l\u01b0u tr\u1eef m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 nh\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"SAN\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

C\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i trong ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac SAN<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

M\u1ed9t SAN m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng then ch\u1ed1t ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0103n \u00fd v\u1edbi nhau:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \n

  1. M\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 (Hosts):<\/strong> C\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u1ea7n truy c\u1eadp v\u00e0o d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u00e3 l\u01b0u tr\u1eef.<\/p><\/li>

  2. B\u1ed9 \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n bus m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 (HBAs):<\/strong> C\u00e1c th\u1ebb m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng chuy\u00ean d\u1ee5ng trong m\u1ed7i m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7, k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u00f3 v\u1edbi c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac m\u1ea1ng (fabric) SAN\u2014hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u so v\u1edbi c\u00e1c card NIC ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n.<\/p><\/li>

  3. B\u1ed9 chuy\u1ec3n m\u1ea1ch (Switches):<\/strong> C\u1ed9t s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a SAN, nh\u1eefng thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb n\u00e0y C\u00e1c b\u1ed9 chuy\u1ec3n m\u1ea1ch Fibre Channel<\/strong> \u0111\u1ecbnh tuy\u1ebfn l\u01b0u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng gi\u1eefa m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb l\u01b0u tr\u1eef. Ch\u00fang t\u1ea1o n\u00ean \u201cc\u1ea5u tr\u00fac m\u1ea1ng\u201d (fabric) c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng.<\/p><\/li>

  4. C\u00e1c m\u1ea3ng l\u01b0u tr\u1eef (Storage Arrays):<\/strong> C\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ch\u1ee9a c\u00e1c \u1ed5 \u0111\u0129a c\u1ee9ng (HDD), \u1ed5 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i r\u1eafn (SSD) ho\u1eb7c c\u1ea3 hai lo\u1ea1i (m\u1ea3ng lai).<\/p><\/li>

  5. D\u00e2y c\u00e1p v\u00e0 b\u1ed9 thu ph\u00e1t (Transceivers):<\/strong> C\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng v\u1eadt l\u00fd. C\u00e1c SAN hi\u1ec7u n\u0103ng cao hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o c\u00e1p quang<\/strong><\/a> and b\u1ed9 thu ph\u00e1t quang<\/strong><\/a> (nh\u01b0 SFP<\/strong>, SFP+, QSFP28
    <\/strong>) \u0111\u1ec3 truy\u1ec1n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u b\u1eb1ng \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng, cho ph\u00e9p \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e1ng kinh ng\u1ea1c.<\/p><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n

    \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 n\u01a1i ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 then ch\u1ed1t. \u0110\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 tin c\u1eady t\u1ed1i \u01b0u, vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 thu ph\u00e1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ee9ng nh\u1eadn v\u00e0 c\u00f3 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, vi\u1ec7c t\u00edch h\u1ee3p m\u1ed9t LINK-PP <\/strong>(40GBASE-SR4) <\/strong><\/a>b\u1ed9 thu ph\u00e1t<\/strong> v\u00e0o c\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng SAN c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00edch t\u1ed1i \u0111a v\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9 tr\u1ec5 th\u1ea5p qua c\u00e1p quang \u0111a mode, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c t\u00e1c v\u1ee5 x\u1eed l\u00fd d\u1eef li\u1ec7u l\u1edbn.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \ud83d\udcdd SAN so v\u1edbi NAS so v\u1edbi DAS: S\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

    Vi\u1ec7c nh\u1ea7m l\u1eabn SAN v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac l\u01b0u tr\u1eef kh\u00e1c l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u d\u1ec5 x\u1ea3y ra. D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 b\u1ea3ng t\u00f3m t\u1eaft nhanh:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \n\n<\/colgroup>

    \u0110\u1eb7c t\u00ednh<\/strong><\/p><\/th>

    SAN (M\u1ea1ng khu v\u1ef1c l\u01b0u tr\u1eef)<\/strong><\/p><\/th>

    NAS (B\u1ed9 l\u01b0u tr\u1eef g\u1eafn m\u1ea1ng)<\/strong><\/p><\/th>

    DAS (B\u1ed9 l\u01b0u tr\u1eef g\u1eafn tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp)<\/strong><\/p><\/th><\/tr>

    Giao th\u1ee9c<\/strong><\/p><\/td>

    Fibre Channel (FC), iSCSI, NVMe qua FC<\/p><\/td>

    TCP\/IP (SMB\/NFS, FTP)
    <\/p><\/td>

    SATA, SAS, SCSI
    <\/p><\/td><\/tr>

    C\u00e1ch truy\u1ec1n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u<\/strong><\/p><\/td>

    \u1ede m\u1ee9c kh\u1ed1i (block-level)<\/strong><\/p><\/td>

    \u1ede m\u1ee9c t\u1ec7p (file-level)<\/strong><\/p><\/td>

    \u1ede m\u1ee9c kh\u1ed1i (block-level)<\/strong><\/p><\/td><\/tr>

    M\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ch\u00ednh<\/strong><\/p><\/td>

    \u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng tr\u1ecdng y\u1ebfu, c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, \u1ea3o h\u00f3a<\/p><\/td>

    Chia s\u1ebb t\u1ec7p, sao l\u01b0u, l\u01b0u tr\u1eef d\u00e0i h\u1ea1n<\/p><\/td>

    L\u01b0u tr\u1eef c\u1ee5c b\u1ed9 tr\u00ean m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u01a1n<\/p><\/td><\/tr>

    Hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t<\/strong><\/p><\/td>

    R\u1ea5t cao<\/strong> (\u0111\u1ed9 tr\u1ec5 th\u1ea5p, IOPS cao)<\/p><\/td>

    Trung b\u00ecnh (ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o m\u1ea1ng)<\/p><\/td>

    Cao (nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng)<\/p><\/td><\/tr>

    Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng<\/strong><\/p><\/td>

    C\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng r\u1ea5t cao<\/p><\/td>

    C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng \u1edf m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 v\u1eeba ph\u1ea3i<\/p><\/td>

    H\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf<\/p><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

    \ud83d\udcdd V\u00ec sao doanh nghi\u1ec7p ch\u1ecdn SAN: C\u00e1c l\u1ee3i \u00edch ch\u00ednh<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n