{"id":5328,"date":"2025-08-27T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2025-08-27T00:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/lp.szlogic.cn\/knowledge-center\/backbone-network-high-speed-data-transmission\/"},"modified":"2026-06-22T08:06:39","modified_gmt":"2026-06-22T08:06:39","slug":"backbone-network-high-speed-data-transmission","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/resourceslp.szlogic.cn\/vi\/knowledge-center\/backbone-network-high-speed-data-transmission","title":{"rendered":"M\u1ea1ng x\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u1ed1ng l\u00e0 g\u00ec?"},"content":{"rendered":"
\"Backbone<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

A m\u1ea1ng l\u00f5i<\/strong> l\u00e0 k\u00eanh trung t\u00e2m k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i nhi\u1ec1u m\u1ea1ng con, cho ph\u00e9p truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u nhanh, \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady v\u00e0 quy m\u00f4 l\u1edbn<\/strong> gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1, khu v\u1ef1c ho\u1eb7c qu\u1ed1c gia. Th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c so s\u00e1nh v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t xa l\u1ed9 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt s\u1ed1, c\u00e1c m\u1ea1ng x\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u1ed1ng h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 internet t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 cao, k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i doanh nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 li\u00ean k\u1ebft gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c trung t\u00e2m d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu b\u1edfi c\u00e1p quang<\/strong>, nh\u1eefng m\u1ea1ng n\u00e0y cung c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 tr\u1ec5 th\u1ea5p, b\u0103ng th\u00f4ng cao v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng nhi\u1ec5u \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eeb, khi\u1ebfn ch\u00fang l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng cho vi\u1ec7c truy\u1ec1n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u tr\u00ean kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch d\u00e0i. C\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i nh\u01b0 servers<\/strong><\/a>, <\/strong>routers<\/strong><\/a>, and <\/strong>b\u1ed9 thu ph\u00e1t t\u1ea7m xa<\/strong><\/a> qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd l\u01b0u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3, \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o giao ti\u1ebfp li\u1ec1n m\u1ea1ch gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c m\u1ea1ng m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng cu\u1ed1i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m ch\u00ednh c\u1ea7n ghi nh\u1edb<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Xa l\u1ed9 D\u1eef li\u1ec7u Ch\u00ednh<\/strong> \u2013 K\u1ebft n\u1ed1i c\u00e1c m\u1ea1ng con tr\u00ean di\u1ec7n r\u1ed9ng nh\u1eb1m \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng nhanh v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady.C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 S\u1ee3i Quang<\/strong> \u2013 K\u1ebft n\u1ed1i t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 cao, \u0111\u1ed9 tr\u1ec5 th\u1ea5p v\u00e0 kh\u00e1ng nhi\u1ec5u.Ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac Ph\u00e2n t\u1ea7ng<\/strong> \u2013 C\u00e1c l\u1edbp truy c\u1eadp, ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i v\u00e0 l\u00f5i t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng.\u0110\u1ecbnh tuy\u1ebfn \u0110\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady<\/strong> \u2013 B\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ecbnh tuy\u1ebfn v\u00e0 b\u1ed9 chuy\u1ec3n m\u1ea1ch \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u01b0\u1edbng l\u01b0u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng; t\u00ednh d\u1ef1 ph\u00f2ng \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 li\u00ean t\u1ee5c.B\u1ea3o m\u1eadt & Qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb<\/strong> \u2013 K\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc, gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd nh\u1eb1m b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a m\u1ea1ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M\u1ea1ng x\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u1ed1ng l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

M\u1ed9t m\u1ea1ng x\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u1ed1ng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 ph\u1ea7n l\u00f5i c\u00f3 dung l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao<\/strong> k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i c\u00e1c m\u1ea1ng nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n nh\u01b0 M\u1ea1ng LAN<\/strong> and m\u1ea1ng khu v\u1ef1c (MAN)<\/strong><\/a>. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng cu\u1ed1i, m\u1ea1ng n\u00e0y cho ph\u00e9p c\u00e1c m\u1ea1ng con trao \u0111\u1ed5i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3. C\u00e1c m\u1ea1ng x\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u1ed1ng hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i t\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 nh\u01b0 MPLS<\/strong>, DWDM<\/strong><\/a>, and s\u1ee3i quang t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 cao<\/strong> \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 vi\u1ec7c truy\u1ec1n t\u1ea3i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u quy m\u00f4 l\u1edbn v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9 tr\u1ec5 t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M\u1eb9o:
<\/strong> H\u00e3y h\u00ecnh dung m\u1ea1ng x\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u1ed1ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cao t\u1ed1c d\u00e0nh cho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u\u2014c\u00e1c tuy\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed5 v\u00e0o xa l\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ec3 v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n l\u01b0u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3 xuy\u00ean v\u00f9ng.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

\"Backbone<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac M\u1ea1ng X\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u1ed1ng<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

C\u00e1c t\u1ea7ng ph\u00e2n c\u1ea5p<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

1\ufe0f\u20e3 L\u1edbp Truy c\u1eadp<\/strong> \u2013 K\u1ebft n\u1ed1i c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng cu\u1ed1i (m\u00e1y t\u00ednh, m\u00e1y in, \u0111i\u1ec3m truy c\u1eadp kh\u00f4ng d\u00e2y). X\u1eed l\u00fd x\u00e1c th\u1ef1c, qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd l\u01b0u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee5c b\u1ed9 v\u00e0 truy c\u1eadp VPN.2\ufe0f\u20e3 L\u1edbp Ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i (T\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p)<\/strong> \u2013 T\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p v\u00e0 l\u1ecdc l\u01b0u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, th\u1ef1c thi ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch, qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd \u0111\u1ecbnh tuy\u1ebfn (OSPF, BGP), \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi \u01b0u ti\u00ean c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng quan tr\u1ecdng.3\ufe0f\u20e3 L\u1edbp L\u00f5i<\/strong> \u2013 Cung c\u1ea5p truy\u1ec1n d\u1eabn t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 cao, t\u00ednh d\u1ef1 ph\u00f2ng v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ecbu l\u1ed7i. K\u1ebft n\u1ed1i nhi\u1ec1u m\u1ea1ng (m\u1ea1ng di\u1ec7n r\u1ed9ng (WAN)<\/a>, ISP, trung t\u00e2m d\u1eef li\u1ec7u).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M\u1eb9o:
<\/strong> H\u00e3y t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00f3 nh\u01b0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng giao th\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1: l\u1edbp l\u00f5i = \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cao t\u1ed1c, l\u1edbp ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i = \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u00ednh, l\u1edbp truy c\u1eadp = \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ch\u00ednh<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\n\n<\/colgroup>

B\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn<\/p><\/th>

Vai tr\u00f2 trong m\u1ea1ng x\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u1ed1ng<\/p><\/th><\/tr>

B\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ecbnh tuy\u1ebfn<\/strong><\/p><\/td>

K\u1ebft n\u1ed1i c\u00e1c m\u1ea1ng, \u0111\u1ecbnh tuy\u1ebfn d\u1eef li\u1ec7u gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c m\u1ea1ng IP (L\u1edbp 3), cung c\u1ea5p b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 NAT v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1eeda.<\/p><\/td><\/tr>

B\u1ed9 chuy\u1ec3n m\u1ea1ch<\/strong><\/p><\/td>

Chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp d\u1eef li\u1ec7u trong LAN d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 MAC (L\u1edbp 2), ph\u00e2n \u0111o\u1ea1n l\u01b0u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9.<\/p><\/td><\/tr>

C\u00e1p s\u1ee3i quang<\/strong><\/a><\/p><\/td>

Truy\u1ec1n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u1edf t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 cao (l\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn 800 Gbps tr\u1edf l\u00ean), \u0111\u1ed9 tr\u1ec5 th\u1ea5p, kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch xa v\u00e0 mi\u1ec5n nhi\u1ec5m v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec5u.<\/p><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i m\u1ea1ng x\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u1ed1ng<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\u2666 M\u1ea1ng x\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u1ed1ng n\u1ed1i ti\u1ebfp<\/strong> \u2013 K\u1ebft n\u1ed1i b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1p \u0111\u01a1n, \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n v\u00e0 ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m chi ph\u00ed nh\u01b0ng kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf.\u2666 M\u1ea1ng x\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u1ed1ng song song<\/strong> \u2013 Nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e1p, \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1ef1 ph\u00f2ng cao, hi\u1ec7u n\u0103ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00e2ng cao.\u2666 M\u1ea1ng x\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u1ed1ng t\u1eadp trung<\/strong> \u2013 B\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ecbnh tuy\u1ebfn\/b\u1ed9 chuy\u1ec3n m\u1ea1ch dung l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao t\u1eadp trung; \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n h\u00f3a qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb nh\u01b0ng t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i \u0111i\u1ec3m l\u1ed7i duy nh\u1ea5t.\u2666 M\u1ea1ng x\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u1ed1ng ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n<\/strong> \u2013 K\u1ebft n\u1ed1i tr\u1ea3i r\u1ed9ng tr\u00ean nhi\u1ec1u n\u00fat; kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 d\u1ef1 ph\u00f2ng cao.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u01afu \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a m\u1ea1ng x\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u1ed1ng<\/h2>\n\n\n\n