{"id":5172,"date":"2025-09-08T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2025-09-08T00:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/lp.szlogic.cn\/glossary\/tdm-time-division-multiplexing-basics-uses-benefits-guide\/"},"modified":"2026-06-22T07:36:15","modified_gmt":"2026-06-22T07:36:15","slug":"tdm-time-division-multiplexing-basics-uses-benefits-guide","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/resourceslp.szlogic.cn\/vi\/glossary\/tdm-time-division-multiplexing-basics-uses-benefits-guide","title":{"rendered":"Nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 TDM (\u0110a h\u1ee3p ph\u00e2n chia theo th\u1eddi gian)"},"content":{"rendered":"
\"What<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi vi\u1ec5n th\u00f4ng r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn, vi\u1ec7c truy\u1ec1n hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3 l\u00e0 m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng. H\u00e3y t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1ed9t con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng duy nh\u1ea5t ph\u1ea3i v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n v\u00f4 s\u1ed1 d\u00f2ng xe h\u01a1i m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng x\u1ea3y ra \u00f9n t\u1eafc giao th\u00f4ng. \u0110\u00e2y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i c\u1ee7a m\u1ea1ng m\u00e1y t\u00ednh. M\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng nh\u1ea5t cho v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y l\u00e0 \u0110a h\u1ee3p ph\u00e2n chia theo th\u1eddi gian (TDM)<\/strong>. Ngay c\u1ea3 trong k\u1ef7 nguy\u00ean chuy\u1ec3n m\u1ea1ch g\u00f3i hi\u1ec7n nay, vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 TDM v\u1eabn r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec3 n\u1eafm v\u1eefng n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec5n th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn n\u00e0y s\u1ebd l\u00e0m r\u00f5 kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m TDM, gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng, c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf v\u00e0 vai tr\u00f2 \u0111ang ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 song h\u00e0nh c\u00f9ng c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\ud83d\udcdd \u0110a h\u1ee3p ph\u00e2n chia theo th\u1eddi gian (TDM) l\u00e0 g\u00ec? Kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\u0110a h\u1ee3p ph\u00e2n chia theo th\u1eddi gian (TDM)<\/strong> l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec1u t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u s\u1ed1 ho\u1eb7c lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u qua m\u1ed9t k\u00eanh truy\u1ec1n duy nh\u1ea5t b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch chia th\u1eddi gian c\u1ee7a k\u00eanh th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c khe th\u1eddi gian ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i. M\u1ed7i t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n b\u1ed5 m\u1ed9t kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, v\u00e0 trong kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u00f3, m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy\u1ec1n \u0111i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

H\u00e3y h\u00ecnh dung nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 b\u1eadn r\u1ed9n t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c gi\u1edd ti\u1ebfp sinh vi\u00ean. Thay v\u00ec c\u00f3 c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c tr\u00f2 chuy\u1ec7n ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t trong nh\u1eefng ph\u00f2ng kh\u00e1c nhau (nhi\u1ec1u k\u00eanh), m\u1ed7i sinh vi\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t khung th\u1eddi gian c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i k\u00e9o d\u00e0i 5 ph\u00fat \u0111\u1ec3 trao \u0111\u1ed5i. Gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 (k\u00eanh truy\u1ec1n) d\u00e0nh to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 s\u1ef1 ch\u00fa \u00fd cho m\u1ed9t sinh vi\u00ean t\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m, lu\u00e2n phi\u00ean gi\u1eefa t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 sinh vi\u00ean m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch li\u1ec1n m\u1ea1ch.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\ud83d\udcdd TDM ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o? Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch t\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\"Time<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y bao g\u1ed3m m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 \u0111a h\u1ee3p (MUX)<\/strong> \u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u ph\u00e1t v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 t\u00e1ch h\u1ee3p (DEMUX)<\/strong> \u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u thu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \n

  1. Nhi\u1ec1u t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o:<\/strong> Nhi\u1ec1u lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1ea5p (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c g\u1ecdi tho\u1ea1i t\u1eeb nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng kh\u00e1c nhau) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o b\u1ed9 \u0111a h\u1ee3p.<\/p><\/li>

  2. Ph\u00e2n b\u1ed5 khe th\u1eddi gian:<\/strong> B\u1ed9 MUX g\u00e1n cho m\u1ed7i lu\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t khe th\u1eddi gian c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i. Vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n b\u1edfi m\u1ed9t t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u xung nh\u1ecbp ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c.<\/p><\/li>

  3. Truy\u1ec1n d\u1eabn:<\/strong> B\u1ed9 MUX chuy\u1ec3n nhanh gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o n\u00e0y, l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t l\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t m\u1eabu nh\u1ecf ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t \u201cbyte\u201d d\u1eef li\u1ec7u t\u1eeb m\u1ed7i lu\u1ed3ng v\u00e0 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p ch\u00fang th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t lu\u1ed3ng truy\u1ec1n d\u1eabn s\u1ed1<\/strong> t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 cao duy nh\u1ea5t.<\/p><\/li>

  4. Nh\u1eadn t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u:
    <\/strong> T\u00edn hi\u1ec7u k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p n\u00e0y truy\u1ec1n qua m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng truy\u1ec1n (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: m\u1ed9t c\u00e1p quang<\/a>).<\/p><\/li>

  5. \u0110\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9 h\u00f3a & T\u00e1ch k\u00eanh:<\/strong> B\u1ed9 t\u00e1ch k\u00eanh (DEMUX), \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9 ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o v\u1edbi b\u1ed9 gh\u00e9p k\u00eanh (MUX), nh\u1eadn t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p. N\u00f3 \u0111\u1ecdc khung, x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c khe th\u1eddi gian v\u00e0 chuy\u1ec3n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u t\u1eeb m\u1ed7i khe \u0111\u1ebfn k\u00eanh \u0111\u1ea7u ra t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng.<\/p><\/li>

  6. Kh\u00f4i ph\u1ee5c:<\/strong> C\u00e1c t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1ea5p ban \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00f4i ph\u1ee5c v\u00e0 g\u1eedi \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00edch quy \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/p><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n

    To\u00e0n b\u1ed9 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y x\u1ea3y ra h\u00e0ng tri\u1ec7u l\u1ea7n m\u1ed7i gi\u00e2y, khi\u1ebfn n\u00f3 c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \ud83d\udcdd TDM so v\u1edbi FDM: S\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n
    \"TDM<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

    TDM<\/strong> th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c so s\u00e1nh v\u1edbi Gh\u00e9p k\u00eanh ph\u00e2n chia theo t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 (FDM)<\/strong><\/a>. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 c\u1ea3 hai \u0111\u1ec1u k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u, nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 theo nh\u1eefng c\u00e1ch c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n kh\u00e1c nhau. B\u1ea3ng sau n\u00eau r\u00f5 c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t ch\u00ednh:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \n\n<\/colgroup>

    \u0110\u1eb7c t\u00ednh<\/p><\/th>

    \u0110a h\u1ee3p ph\u00e2n chia theo th\u1eddi gian (TDM)<\/strong><\/p><\/th>

    Gh\u00e9p k\u00eanh ph\u00e2n chia theo t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 (FDM)<\/strong><\/p><\/th><\/tr>

    Nguy\u00ean l\u00fd c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i<\/strong><\/p><\/td>

    Chia s\u1ebb m\u1ed9t k\u00eanh duy nh\u1ea5t b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch ph\u00e2n b\u1ed5 khe th\u1eddi gian<\/strong>.<\/p><\/td>

    Chia s\u1ebb m\u1ed9t k\u00eanh duy nh\u1ea5t b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch ph\u00e2n b\u1ed5 c\u00e1c d\u1ea3i t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1<\/strong>.<\/p><\/td><\/tr>

    B\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u<\/strong><\/p><\/td>

    K\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt s\u1ed1<\/p><\/td>

    T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1<\/p><\/td><\/tr>

    \u0110\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9 h\u00f3a<\/strong><\/p><\/td>

    Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9 h\u00f3a xung nh\u1ecbp ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c.<\/p><\/td>

    Kh\u00f4ng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9 h\u00f3a.<\/p><\/td><\/tr>

    Hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3<\/strong><\/p><\/td>

    Hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 cao; kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n d\u1ea3i b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7.<\/p><\/td>

    \u00cdt hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 h\u01a1n do ph\u1ea3i d\u00e0nh d\u1ea3i b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1.<\/p><\/td><\/tr>

    Tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ch\u00ednh<\/strong><\/p><\/td>

    \u0110i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt s\u1ed1 (c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00e2y T1\/E1), SONET\/SDH.<\/p><\/td>

    Ph\u00e1t thanh v\u00f4 tuy\u1ebfn, truy\u1ec1n h\u00ecnh t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1, c\u00e1c m\u1ea1ng t\u1ebf b\u00e0o th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ea7u.<\/p><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

    \ud83d\udcdd C\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n TDM ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

    TDM<\/strong> \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c m\u1ea1ng k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt s\u1ed1 trong nhi\u1ec1u th\u1eadp k\u1ef7. C\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ch\u1ee7 ch\u1ed1t bao g\u1ed3m:<\/p>\n\n\n\n