{"id":5151,"date":"2025-09-09T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2025-09-09T00:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/lp.szlogic.cn\/knowledge-center\/tdm-vs-fdm-which-multiplexing-method-is-right-for-you\/"},"modified":"2026-06-22T07:32:46","modified_gmt":"2026-06-22T07:32:46","slug":"tdm-vs-fdm-which-multiplexing-method-is-right-for-you","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/resourceslp.szlogic.cn\/vi\/knowledge-center\/tdm-vs-fdm-which-multiplexing-method-is-right-for-you","title":{"rendered":"TDM so v\u1edbi FDM: Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p gh\u00e9p k\u00eanh n\u00e0o ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi b\u1ea1n?"},"content":{"rendered":"
\"TDM<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi truy\u1ec1n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 r\u1ee7i ro cao, hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3. L\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00e9n h\u00e0ng lo\u1ea1t cu\u1ed9c h\u1ed9i tho\u1ea1i, video v\u00e0 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u xu\u1ed1ng m\u1ed9t s\u1ee3i c\u00e1p ho\u1eb7c s\u1ee3i quang duy nh\u1ea5t m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng khi\u1ebfn ch\u00fang tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t m\u1edb h\u1ed7n \u0111\u1ed9n? C\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi n\u1eb1m \u1edf nh\u1eefng k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 gh\u00e9p k\u00eanh<\/strong><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hai \u201cg\u00e3 kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3\u201d th\u1ed1ng tr\u1ecb l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c n\u00e0y: \u0110a truy nh\u1eadp ph\u00e2n chia theo t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 (FDM)<\/strong> and k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt gh\u00e9p k\u00eanh ph\u00e2n chia theo th\u1eddi gian (TDM)<\/strong>. Vi\u1ec7c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p l\u00e0 v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf v\u00e0 k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 m\u1ea1ng. H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn n\u00e0y s\u1ebd ph\u00e2n t\u00edch chi ti\u1ebft TDM so v\u1edbi FDM<\/strong>, gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng, nh\u1eefng kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt c\u1ee7a t\u1eebng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i ng\u00e0y nay.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\ud83d\ude80 \u0110a truy nh\u1eadp ph\u00e2n chia theo t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 (FDM) l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\"Frequency<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

FDM<\/strong><\/a> l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn \u201c\u1edf chung nh\u00e0\u201d c\u1ed5 \u0111i\u1ec3n trong k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt \u0111a truy nh\u1eadp. H\u00e3y t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1ed9t xa l\u1ed9, trong \u0111\u00f3 m\u1ed7i chi\u1ebfc xe \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t l\u00e0n \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ebfn cu\u1ed1i. FDM chia t\u1ed5ng b\u0103ng th\u00f4ng
<\/strong> c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t k\u00eanh truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng th\u00e0nh nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e1c d\u1ea3i t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1<\/strong>. kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ed3ng l\u1ea5n l\u00ean nhau. M\u1ed7i t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u00e1n m\u1ed9t d\u1ea3i t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t (m\u1ed9t \u201cl\u00e0n \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng\u201d ri\u00eang) v\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ec1u truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M\u1ed9t v\u00ed d\u1ee5 kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e0i ph\u00e1t thanh FM\/AM.<\/strong> M\u1ed7i \u0111\u00e0i ph\u00e1t s\u00f3ng t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh \u1edf m\u1ed9t t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 kh\u00e1c nhau (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: 98,1 MHz, 101,5 MHz). B\u1ed9 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh tr\u00ean radio c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 l\u1ecdc, ch\u1ec9 ch\u1ecdn d\u1ea3i t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 b\u1ea1n mu\u1ed1n nghe v\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c d\u1ea3i c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\ud83d\ude80 \u0110a truy nh\u1eadp ph\u00e2n chia theo th\u1eddi gian (TDM) l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\"Time<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

TDM<\/strong><\/a> l\u00e0 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh \u201cchia s\u1ebb th\u1eddi gian\u201d hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i. Thay v\u00ec c\u00e1c l\u00e0n \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t, to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u chia s\u1ebb m\u1ed9t l\u00e0n \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 cao nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t chi\u1ebfm d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 lu\u00e2n phi\u00ean. To\u00e0n b\u1ed9 b\u0103ng th\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng b\u1edfi m\u1ed9t t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u t\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m, nh\u01b0ng ch\u1ec9 trong m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n nh\u1ecf gi\u00e2y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

H\u00e3y h\u00ecnh dung n\u00f3 gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t b\u0103ng chuy\u1ec1n t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 cao ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 nhi\u1ec1u m\u00e1y m\u00f3c. M\u1ed7i m\u00e1y m\u00f3c (lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 b\u0103ng chuy\u1ec1n trong m\u1ed9t kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian ng\u1eafn v\u00e0 c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh theo chu k\u1ef3 lu\u00e2n phi\u00ean. TDM mang b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt s\u1ed1<\/strong>, do \u0111\u00f3 r\u1ea5t ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111i\u1ec7n to\u00e1n hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i v\u00e0 s\u1ee3i quang nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng transceiver quang h\u1ecdc LINK-PP<\/strong><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\ud83d\ude80 So s\u00e1nh TDM v\u00e0 FDM: B\u1ea3ng so s\u00e1nh cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\n\n<\/colgroup>

\u0110\u1eb7c t\u00ednh<\/p><\/th>

k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt gh\u00e9p k\u00eanh ph\u00e2n chia theo th\u1eddi gian (TDM)<\/strong><\/p><\/th>

\u0110a truy nh\u1eadp ph\u00e2n chia theo t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 (FDM)<\/strong><\/p><\/th><\/tr>

Nguy\u00ean l\u00fd c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i<\/strong><\/p><\/td>

Chia s\u1ebb th\u1eddi gian, d\u00e0nh ri\u00eang b\u0103ng th\u00f4ng<\/p><\/td>

Chia s\u1ebb b\u0103ng th\u00f4ng, d\u00e0nh ri\u00eang t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1<\/p><\/td><\/tr>

Lo\u1ea1i T\u00edn Hi\u1ec7u<\/strong><\/p><\/td>

Ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t cho T\u00edn hi\u1ec7u k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt s\u1ed1<\/strong><\/p><\/td>

Ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t cho T\u00edn hi\u1ec7u t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1<\/strong><\/p><\/td><\/tr>

\u0110\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9 h\u00f3a<\/strong><\/p><\/td>

Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9 h\u00f3a ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c<\/p><\/td>

Kh\u00f4ng b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c<\/p><\/td><\/tr>

\u0110\u1ed9 Tr\u1ec5<\/strong><\/p><\/td>

C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y ra \u0111\u1ed9 tr\u1ec5 t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u<\/p><\/td>

\u0110\u1ed9 tr\u1ec5 n\u00f3i chung th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1<\/p><\/td><\/tr>

Hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3<\/strong><\/p><\/td>

Hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 cao; kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n d\u1ea3i b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 (guard bands)<\/p><\/td>

\u00cdt hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 h\u01a1n do ph\u1ea3i d\u00f9ng d\u1ea3i b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7<\/p><\/td><\/tr>

\u0110\u1ed9 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p<\/strong><\/p><\/td>

M\u1ea1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p h\u01a1n<\/p><\/td>

D\u1ec5 tri\u1ec3n khai h\u01a1n<\/p><\/td><\/tr>

Tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ch\u00ednh<\/strong><\/p><\/td>

M\u1ea1ng k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt s\u1ed1, Vi\u1ec5n th\u00f4ng, S\u1ee3i quang<\/p><\/td>

Ph\u00e1t thanh v\u00f4 tuy\u1ebfn, Truy\u1ec1n h\u00ecnh c\u00e1p, Th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a m\u1ea1ng di \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/p><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\ud83d\ude80 \u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i v\u00e0 vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a quang h\u1ecdc hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t cao<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 FDM<\/strong> and TDM<\/strong> l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng, nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean l\u00fd c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng kh\u1ed1i x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng cho c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn ng\u00e0y nay. \u0110a b\u01b0\u1edbc s\u00f3ng m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 cao (DWDM)<\/strong><\/a>, x\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a Internet, v\u1ec1 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n l\u00e0 FDM \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng cho s\u00f3ng \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng, n\u00e9n h\u00e0ng ch\u1ee5c t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t s\u1ee3i quang duy nh\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

For TDM<\/strong>, di s\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 v\u1eabn r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng trong c\u00e1c ph\u00e2n c\u1ea5p s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9 nh\u01b0 SONET\/SDH, v\u1ed1n t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh l\u00f5i c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u m\u1ea1ng \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb v\u00e0 m\u1ea1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00e0i. Hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a TDM r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy\u1ec1n \u0111i b\u1edfi c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 thu ph\u00e1t quang<\/strong><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 l\u00fac ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n tr\u1edf n\u00ean b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c. M\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 thu ph\u00e1t h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 TDM<\/strong> \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c v\u1ec1 th\u1eddi gian v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 m\u00e9o th\u1eddi gian (jitter) th\u1ea5p \u2014 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 then ch\u1ed1t \u0111\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec t\u00ednh to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n c\u1ee7a t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, LINK-PP <\/strong>SFP-10G-ZR<\/strong><\/a> m\u00f4-\u0111un quang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3 x\u1eed l\u00fd l\u01b0u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 cao v\u00e0 nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m v\u1ec1 th\u1eddi gian v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9 tin c\u1eady xu\u1ea5t s\u1eafc, do \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng cho c\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng m\u1ea1ng d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean TDM<\/strong> v\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n d\u1eabn d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00e0i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Khi l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch cho chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf m\u1ea1ng quang s\u1ee3i<\/strong>, vi\u1ec7c c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt \u0111a truy nh\u1eadp v\u00e0 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00edch, ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u t\u1ed1i quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1eb1m \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t t\u1ed1i \u01b0u hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng m\u1ea1ng<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\ud83d\ude80 K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn: Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0o ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi b\u1ea1n?<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Vi\u1ec7c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn gi\u1eefa TDM<\/strong> and FDM<\/strong> kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp n\u1eefa; thay v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, \u0111i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng l\u00e0 hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean l\u00fd c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang trong c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n