{"id":4754,"date":"2025-10-11T11:12:00","date_gmt":"2025-10-11T11:12:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/lp.szlogic.cn\/knowledge-center\/what-is-a-network-gateway\/"},"modified":"2026-06-22T06:27:39","modified_gmt":"2026-06-22T06:27:39","slug":"what-is-a-network-gateway","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/resourceslp.szlogic.cn\/vi\/knowledge-center\/what-is-a-network-gateway","title":{"rendered":"H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn \u0110\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 v\u1ec1 C\u1ed5ng M\u1ea1ng: C\u00e1ch Ch\u00fang Ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 L\u00fd do Ch\u00fang Quan tr\u1ecdng"},"content":{"rendered":"
\"What<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\ud83d\udd04 C\u1ed5ng M\u1ea1ng L\u00e0 G\u00ec?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

A c\u1ed5ng m\u1ea1ng<\/strong> l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb ho\u1eb7c n\u00fat quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 l\u00e0m c\u1ea7u n\u1ed1i gi\u1eefa hai m\u1ea1ng kh\u00e1c nhau s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c giao th\u1ee9c truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t. N\u00f3 cho ph\u00e9p d\u1eef li\u1ec7u l\u01b0u th\u00f4ng li\u1ec1n m\u1ea1ch gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c m\u1ea1ng v\u1ed1n d\u0129 kh\u00f4ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00edch \u2014 v\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 gi\u1eefa m\u1ed9t m\u1ea1ng c\u1ee5c b\u1ed9 (LAN) <\/a>v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t m\u1ea1ng di\u1ec7n r\u1ed9ng (WAN)<\/a>, ho\u1eb7c gi\u1eefa m\u1ea1ng doanh nghi\u1ec7p n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9 v\u00e0 internet.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u1ec1 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t, m\u1ed9t c\u1ed5ng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 \u201cng\u01b0\u1eddi phi\u00ean d\u1ecbch\u201d v\u00e0 \u201cb\u1ed9 \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n\u201d<\/strong> cho vi\u1ec7c truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c m\u1ea1ng. N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u00e1c c\u1ed5ng, h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt s\u1ed1 \u2014 t\u1eeb d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 \u0111\u00e1m m\u00e2y<\/a> \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb IoT \u2014 s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\ud83d\udd04 C\u00e1c Ch\u1ee9c N\u0103ng Ch\u00ednh C\u1ee7a C\u1ed5ng M\u1ea1ng<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

C\u00e1c c\u1ed5ng m\u1ea1ng th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n nhi\u1ec1u vai tr\u00f2 thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu nh\u1eb1m \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o vi\u1ec7c trao \u0111\u1ed5i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u an to\u00e0n, \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

a. Chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i giao th\u1ee9c<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

C\u00e1c m\u1ea1ng kh\u00e1c nhau th\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c giao th\u1ee9c truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: TCP\/IP, MPLS<\/a>, ho\u1eb7c MQTT trong IoT). M\u1ed9t c\u1ed5ng chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00e1c g\u00f3i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh d\u1ea1ng n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 hai ph\u00eda \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00fang.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

b. D\u1ecbch \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 m\u1ea1ng (NAT)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

C\u00e1c c\u1ed5ng th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n NAT<\/strong>, \u00e1nh x\u1ea1 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP ri\u00eang trong m\u1ea1ng LAN sang m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP c\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng tr\u00ean Internet. Vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y gi\u00fap ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean IP v\u00e0 t\u0103ng th\u00eam m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch \u1ea9n c\u00e1c chi ti\u1ebft m\u1ea1ng n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

c. \u0110\u1ecbnh tuy\u1ebfn d\u1eef li\u1ec7u<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ecbnh tuy\u1ebfn, c\u1ed5ng x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u1ed9 tr\u00ecnh hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 truy\u1ec1n c\u00e1c g\u00f3i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c m\u1ea1ng, \u01b0u ti\u00ean t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 tin c\u1eady.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

d. Qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

C\u00e1c c\u1ed5ng hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i t\u00edch h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng t\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1eeda v\u00e0 l\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t l\u01b0u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0o v\u00e0 ra, ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n b\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n truy c\u1eadp tr\u00e1i ph\u00e9p.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

e. Qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Trong c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng doanh nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, c\u1ed5ng duy tr\u00ec c\u00e1c li\u00ean k\u1ebft li\u00ean t\u1ee5c v\u00e0 ch\u1ecbu l\u1ed7i tr\u00ean c\u00e1c m\u1ea1ng lai \u2014 d\u00f9 l\u00e0 c\u00f3 d\u00e2y, kh\u00f4ng d\u00e2y hay quang h\u1ecdc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\ud83d\udd04 C\u00e1c Lo\u1ea1i C\u1ed5ng M\u1ea1ng Ph\u1ed5 Bi\u1ebfn<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i c\u1ed5ng kh\u00e1c nhau \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf cho c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng kh\u00e1c nhau. D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00e1c danh m\u1ee5c ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n<\/colgroup>

Lo\u1ea1i c\u1ed5ng<\/strong><\/p><\/th>

Ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng ch\u00ednh<\/strong><\/p><\/th>

Tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh<\/strong><\/p><\/th><\/tr>

C\u1ed5ng Internet<\/strong><\/p><\/td>

K\u1ebft n\u1ed1i m\u1ea1ng ri\u00eang v\u1edbi internet c\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng<\/p><\/td>

M\u1ea1ng doanh nghi\u1ec7p, ISPs<\/a><\/p><\/td><\/tr>

C\u1ed5ng \u0110\u00e1m m\u00e2y<\/strong><\/p><\/td>

K\u1ebft n\u1ed1i c\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng t\u1ea1i ch\u1ed7 v\u1edbi c\u00e1c n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng \u0111\u00e1m m\u00e2y<\/p><\/td>

M\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00e1m m\u00e2y lai<\/p><\/td><\/tr>

C\u1ed5ng IoT<\/strong><\/p><\/td>

K\u1ebft n\u1ed1i c\u00e1c c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn\/thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c giao th\u1ee9c nh\u01b0 MQTT, CoAP ho\u1eb7c Zigbee<\/p><\/td>

Nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y th\u00f4ng minh, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u1ea1nh IoT<\/p><\/td><\/tr>

C\u1ed5ng tho\u1ea1i (VoIP)<\/strong><\/p><\/td>

Chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u tho\u1ea1i gi\u1eefa m\u1ea1ng IP v\u00e0 m\u1ea1ng \u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i c\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng chuy\u1ec3n m\u1ea1ch (PSTN)<\/p><\/td>

H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng t\u00edch h\u1ee3p<\/p><\/td><\/tr>

C\u1ed5ng b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt<\/strong><\/p><\/td>

Qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd x\u00e1c th\u1ef1c, m\u00e3 h\u00f3a v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1eeda<\/p><\/td>

VPN<\/a>, ph\u00f2ng th\u1ee7 bi\u00ean doanh nghi\u1ec7p<\/p><\/td><\/tr>

C\u1ed5ng API<\/strong><\/p><\/td>

Qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u API gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c vi d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5<\/p><\/td>

\u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng web v\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5<\/p><\/td><\/tr>

C\u1ed5ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u<\/strong><\/p><\/td>

Chuy\u1ec3n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch an to\u00e0n gi\u1eefa m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 c\u1ee5c b\u1ed9 v\u00e0 d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 \u0111\u00e1m m\u00e2y<\/p><\/td>

Power BI, Azure, ph\u00e2n t\u00edch lai<\/p><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\ud83d\udd04 C\u00e1ch Ho\u1ea1t \u0110\u1ed9ng C\u1ee7a M\u1ed9t C\u1ed5ng<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\"How<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

M\u1ed9t c\u1ed5ng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u1edf nhi\u1ec1u l\u1edbp c\u1ee7a M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh OSI<\/strong> \u2014 th\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1eeb l\u1edbp m\u1ea1ng (L\u1edbp 3)<\/strong> l\u00ean t\u1edbi l\u1edbp \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng (L\u1edbp 7)<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \n

  1. Nh\u1eadn g\u00f3i tin:<\/strong> C\u1ed5ng nh\u1eadn c\u00e1c g\u00f3i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t m\u1ea1ng.<\/p><\/li>

  2. Gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch giao th\u1ee9c:<\/strong> N\u00f3 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch ti\u00eau \u0111\u1ec1 v\u00e0 t\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh giao th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 \u0111\u00edch \u0111\u1ebfn.<\/p><\/li>

  3. Chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i & d\u1ecbch:<\/strong> N\u1ebfu c\u00e1c giao th\u1ee9c kh\u00e1c nhau (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: Ethernet so v\u1edbi Wi-Fi, ho\u1eb7c TCP\/IP so v\u1edbi MQTT), n\u00f3 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ecbnh d\u1ea1ng g\u00f3i tin.<\/p><\/li>

  4. Quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ecbnh tuy\u1ebfn:<\/strong> C\u1ed5ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng b\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh tuy\u1ebfn v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u1ed9 tr\u00ecnh t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.<\/p><\/li>

  5. Ki\u1ec3m tra b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt:<\/strong> Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp, c\u1ed5ng \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c quy t\u1eafc t\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1eeda, ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n x\u00e2m nh\u1eadp ho\u1eb7c m\u00e3 h\u00f3a n\u1ebfu c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft.<\/p><\/li>

  6. Truy\u1ec1n d\u1eabn:<\/strong> D\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1eedi t\u1edbi m\u1ea1ng ho\u1eb7c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111\u00edch d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1ecbnh d\u1ea1ng.<\/p><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n

    Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y di\u1ec5n ra li\u00ean t\u1ee5c v\u00e0 v\u1edbi t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 cao nh\u1eb1m \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng th\u1eddi gian th\u1ef1c gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u1ed1n d\u0129 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u nhau.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \ud83d\udd04 C\u00e1c \u1ee8ng D\u1ee5ng Th\u1ef1c T\u1ebf C\u1ee7a C\u1ed5ng<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

    C\u00e1c c\u1ed5ng m\u1ea1ng \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 then ch\u1ed1t trong nhi\u1ec1u ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p:<\/p>\n\n\n\n