{"id":4337,"date":"2025-08-06T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2025-08-06T00:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/lp.szlogic.cn\/glossary\/what-is-application-specific-integrated-circuit-asic\/"},"modified":"2026-06-22T08:38:10","modified_gmt":"2026-06-22T08:38:10","slug":"what-is-application-specific-integrated-circuit-asic","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/resourceslp.szlogic.cn\/vi\/glossary\/what-is-application-specific-integrated-circuit-asic","title":{"rendered":"ASIC l\u00e0 g\u00ec? H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n v\u1ec1 M\u1ea1ch t\u00edch h\u1ee3p chuy\u00ean d\u1ee5ng"},"content":{"rendered":"
\"What<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\ud83d\udd0d T\u1ed5ng quan: <\/strong>m\u1ed9t m\u1ea1ch t\u00edch h\u1ee3p chuy\u00ean d\u1ee5ng<\/strong>, or ASIC<\/strong>, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t vi m\u1ea1ch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o cho m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t. Kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c vi m\u1ea1ch \u0111a d\u1ee5ng, m\u1ed9t m\u1ea1ch t\u00edch h\u1ee3p chuy\u00ean d\u1ee5ng ch\u1ec9 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 duy nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n n\u00f3 r\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3. Hi\u1ec7n nay, c\u00e1c m\u1ea1ch t\u00edch h\u1ee3p chuy\u00ean d\u1ee5ng r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng trong c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb y\u00eau c\u1ea7u t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 cao ho\u1eb7c ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 \u00edt n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng. Nhi\u1ec1u ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn m\u1ea1ch t\u00edch h\u1ee3p chuy\u00ean d\u1ee5ng v\u00ec ch\u00fang c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n v\u00e0 ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng. H\u00e3y <\/span>kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi c\u1ee7a <\/span>ASIC<\/strong><\/span>! T\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u m\u1ea1ch t\u00edch h\u1ee3p chuy\u00ean d\u1ee5ng l\u00e0 g\u00ec, c\u00e1ch ch\u00fang c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng h\u00f3a m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 \u2014 t\u1eeb \u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i th\u00f4ng minh \u0111\u1ebfn si\u00eau m\u00e1y t\u00ednh v\u00e0 khai th\u00e1c Bitcoin, l\u00fd do ch\u00fang v\u01b0\u1ee3t tr\u1ed9i h\u01a1n c\u00e1c vi m\u1ea1ch ph\u1ed5 th\u00f4ng, v\u00e0 n\u01a1i c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn nh\u01b0 <\/span>transceiver quang h\u1ecdc LINK-PP<\/strong><\/span><\/a> t\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang. L\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 \u0111\u1eb1ng sau t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9!<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u27a4 \u0110i\u1ec1u g\u00ec ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c<\/em> l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t m\u1ea1ch t\u00edch h\u1ee3p chuy\u00ean d\u1ee5ng (ASIC)?<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

M\u1ed9t ASIC<\/strong> is a <\/span>m\u1ea1ch t\u00edch h\u1ee3p (IC) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf ri\u00eang<\/strong><\/span> v\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t cho m\u1ed9t <\/span>\u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng ho\u1eb7c ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng r\u1ea5t c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3<\/em><\/span>. Kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 x\u1eed l\u00fd \u0111a d\u1ee5ng (CPU, GPU) ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb logic l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c (FPGA), v\u1ed1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh cho nhi\u1ec1u nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 kh\u00e1c nhau th\u00f4ng qua ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m ho\u1eb7c firmware, m\u1ed9t <\/span>chip ASIC<\/strong><\/span> l\u00e0 <\/span>\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee9ng<\/strong><\/span> trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng chuy\u00ean bi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 v\u1edbi hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t ch\u01b0a t\u1eebng c\u00f3. H\u00e3y t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00f3 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed3 may \u0111o ri\u00eang so v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed3 may s\u1eb5n.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u00e1ch ASIC ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng: S\u1ef1 chuy\u00ean bi\u1ec7t \u1edf c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 silicon<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u0110i\u1ec1u k\u1ef3 di\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a ASIC n\u1eb1m \u1edf thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf v\u1eadt l\u00fd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \n

  1. T\u00ednh chuy\u00ean bi\u1ec7t:<\/strong> To\u00e0n b\u1ed9 b\u1ed1 tr\u00ed m\u1ea1ch \u2014 t\u1eebng transistor, k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u00e0 c\u1ed5ng logic \u2014 \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf t\u1ec9 m\u1ec9 ch\u1ec9 nh\u1eb1m th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau.<\/p><\/li>

  2. Logic c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee9ng:<\/strong> Ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh trong silicon. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 chi ph\u00ed ph\u1ee5 cho vi\u1ec7c l\u1ea5y v\u00e0 th\u00f4ng d\u1ecbch c\u00e1c l\u1ec7nh chung chung.<\/p><\/li>

  3. T\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a:<\/strong> C\u00e1c k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 then ch\u1ed1t nh\u01b0 hi\u1ec7u n\u0103ng (t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9)<\/strong>, ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 \u0111i\u1ec7n n\u0103ng<\/strong>, k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc v\u1eadt l\u00fd (di\u1ec7n t\u00edch die)<\/strong>, and chi ph\u00ed
    <\/strong> cho s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn, ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c v\u00ec ph\u1ea1m vi \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng r\u1ea5t h\u1eb9p.<\/p><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n

    \u27a4 So s\u00e1nh ASIC v\u00e0 FPGA: L\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p (B\u1ea3ng kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t ch\u00ednh)<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

    M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 c\u1ea3 hai \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 nhu c\u1ea7u t\u00ednh to\u00e1n chuy\u00ean bi\u1ec7t, IC chuy\u00ean d\u1ee5ng (ASIC)<\/strong> and FPGA<\/strong> (M\u1ea3ng c\u1ed5ng l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u2013 FPGA) l\u1ea1i ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t v\u1ec1 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t. Vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf ASIC<\/strong> ho\u1eb7c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng nh\u01b0 C\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty nh\u01b0<\/strong><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \n\n<\/colgroup>

    \u0110\u1eb7c t\u00ednh<\/strong><\/p><\/th>

    ASIC (M\u1ea1ch t\u00edch h\u1ee3p chuy\u00ean d\u1ee5ng)<\/strong><\/p><\/th>

    FPGA (M\u1ea3ng c\u1ed5ng l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00ean tr\u01b0\u1eddng)<\/strong><\/p><\/th><\/tr>

    Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u00f9y ch\u1ec9nh<\/strong><\/p><\/td>

    To\u00e0n b\u1ed9 t\u00f9y ch\u1ec9nh<\/strong> (Silicon \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf ri\u00eang)<\/p><\/td>

    C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh<\/strong> (C\u00e1c kh\u1ed1i logic ti\u1ec1n ch\u1ebf + k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i)<\/p><\/td><\/tr>

    Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf<\/strong><\/p><\/td>

    S\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t (kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3o ng\u01b0\u1ee3c)<\/p><\/td>

    Sau s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t (d\u00f2ng bit c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u1ea1p v\u00e0o)<\/p><\/td><\/tr>

    Hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t<\/strong><\/p><\/td>

    \u2705\u2705\u2705 Cao nh\u1ea5t
    <\/strong> (T\u1ed1i \u01b0u, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 chi ph\u00ed ph\u1ee5)<\/p><\/td>

    \u2705\u2705 Cao (Nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 chi ph\u00ed c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh)<\/p><\/td><\/tr>

    Ti\u00eau Th\u1ee5 N\u0103ng L\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/strong><\/p><\/td>

    \u2705\u2705\u2705 Th\u1ea5p nh\u1ea5t
    <\/strong> (Ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 \u0111i\u1ec7n n\u0103ng l\u00e3ng ph\u00ed t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u)<\/p><\/td>

    \u2705\u2705 Trung b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ebfn cao (\u0110i\u1ec7n n\u0103ng cho c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh)<\/p><\/td><\/tr>

    Chi ph\u00ed \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb (kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn)<\/strong><\/p><\/td>

    \u2705\u2705\u2705 Th\u1ea5p nh\u1ea5t
    <\/strong> (Sau khi ph\u00e2n b\u1ed5 chi ph\u00ed NRE)<\/p><\/td>

    \u2705 Trung b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ebfn cao<\/p><\/td><\/tr>

    Chi ph\u00ed \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb (kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u1ecf)<\/strong><\/p><\/td>

    \u274c R\u1ea5t cao<\/strong> (Do chi ph\u00ed NRE)<\/p><\/td>

    \u2705\u2705 Lower<\/strong> (Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 chi ph\u00ed NRE \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3)<\/p><\/td><\/tr>

    Chi ph\u00ed k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i (NRE)<\/strong><\/p><\/td>

    \u274c R\u1ea5t cao<\/strong> (Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf, m\u1eb7t n\u1ea1, d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5)<\/p><\/td>

    \u2705\u2705 Th\u1ea5p\/Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3<\/strong> (C\u00e1c linh ki\u1ec7n ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n)<\/p><\/td><\/tr>

    Th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u01b0a ra th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng<\/strong><\/p><\/td>

    \u274c D\u00e0i<\/strong> (Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf, s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t, ki\u1ec3m tra)<\/p><\/td>

    \u2705\u2705\u2705 Ng\u1eafn<\/strong> (Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf & c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh)<\/p><\/td><\/tr>

    Linh ho\u1ea1t
    <\/strong><\/p><\/td>

    \u274c Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3<\/strong> (Ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1ea1i th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t)<\/p><\/td>

    \u2705\u2705\u2705 Cao
    <\/strong> (C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh l\u1ea1i)<\/p><\/td><\/tr>

    Ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t cho
    <\/strong><\/p><\/td>

    \u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ef1c l\u1edbn, y\u00eau c\u1ea7u hi\u1ec7u n\u0103ng cao v\u00e0 ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m \u0111i\u1ec7n cho c\u00e1c ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/p><\/td>

    Ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o m\u1eabu, kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n, ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n thay \u0111\u1ed5i li\u00ean t\u1ee5c, c\u1ea7n c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt t\u1ea1i hi\u1ec7n tr\u01b0\u1eddng<\/p><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

    \u27a4 V\u00ec sao ASIC th\u1ed1ng tr\u1ecb: Khai ph\u00f3ng nh\u1eefng l\u1ee3i th\u1ebf v\u01b0\u1ee3t tr\u1ed9i<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

    The L\u1ee3i th\u1ebf c\u1ee7a ASIC<\/strong> th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n \u1edf m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c then ch\u1ed1t, th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y vi\u1ec7c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i trong nhi\u1ec1u ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      \n

    1. \u26a1\ufe0f T\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 & hi\u1ec7u n\u0103ng v\u01b0\u1ee3t tr\u1ed9i:<\/strong> B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf chi ph\u00ed ph\u1ee5 do vi\u1ec7c l\u1ea5y l\u1ec7nh, gi\u1ea3i m\u00e3 v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c thi c\u00e1c thao t\u00e1c t\u1ed5ng qu\u00e1t, ASIC th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng chuy\u00ean bi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp<\/em> tr\u00ean ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 x\u1eed l\u00fd th\u00f4<\/strong> th\u01b0\u1eddng nhanh h\u01a1n h\u00e0ng ch\u1ee5c l\u1ea7n so v\u1edbi ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m ch\u1ea1y tr\u00ean CPU ho\u1eb7c th\u1eadm ch\u00ed FPGA cho c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t t\u00e1c v\u1ee5. V\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 ASIC khai th\u00e1c ti\u1ec1n m\u00e3 h\u00f3a<\/strong> or ASIC x\u1eed l\u00fd m\u1ea1ng<\/strong> x\u1eed l\u00fd h\u00e0ng terabit d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.<\/p><\/li>

    2. \ud83d\udd0b Ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 \u0111i\u1ec7n n\u0103ng c\u1ef1c th\u1ea5p:<\/strong> Silicon \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed1i \u01b0u ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 nh\u1eefng b\u00f3ng b\u00e1n d\u1eabn thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu m\u1edbi chuy\u1ec3n tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i, gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1ecb l\u00e3ng ph\u00ed. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 then ch\u1ed1t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb ch\u1ea1y pin (c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn IoT, thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111eo)<\/strong> v\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng quy m\u00f4 l\u1edbn trung t\u00e2m d\u1eef li\u1ec7u
      <\/strong> n\u01a1i hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn chi ph\u00ed v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh v\u00e0 t\u00ednh b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng.<\/p><\/li>

    3. \ud83d\udccf Thu nh\u1ecf k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc:<\/strong> T\u00edch h\u1ee3p ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed1i \u01b0u cao v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t chip nh\u1ecf g\u1ecdn gi\u00fap ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 di\u1ec7n t\u00edch b\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 s\u1ed1ng c\u00f2n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng (\u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i th\u00f4ng minh, m\u00e1y t\u00ednh b\u1ea3ng)<\/strong> v\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng c\u00f3 m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 linh ki\u1ec7n cao nh\u01b0 b\u1ed9 chuy\u1ec3n m\u1ea1ch m\u1ea1ng<\/strong> and b\u1ed9 thu ph\u00e1t quang t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 cao<\/strong>.<\/p><\/li>

    4. \ud83d\udcb0 Hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 chi ph\u00ed (\u1edf kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn):<\/strong> M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 chi ph\u00ed thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf ban \u0111\u1ea7u (chi ph\u00ed thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf ASIC<\/strong>) v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t (chi ph\u00ed NRE<\/strong>) kh\u00e1 cao, th\u00ec chi ph\u00ed tr\u00ean m\u1ed7i \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb<\/em> c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ASIC s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t h\u00e0ng lo\u1ea1t gi\u1ea3m m\u1ea1nh \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 so v\u1edbi chi ph\u00ed c\u1ee7a gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p FPGA t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng. C\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kho\u1ea3n ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3.<\/p><\/li>

    5. \ud83d\udee1\ufe0f B\u1ea3o m\u1eadt n\u00e2ng cao:<\/strong> \u0110\u1eb7c t\u00ednh c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng minh b\u1ea1ch c\u1ee7a silicon khi\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ea3o ng\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng (reverse-engineering) tr\u1edf n\u00ean kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u so v\u1edbi ph\u00e2n t\u00edch ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m ho\u1eb7c c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh FPGA, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng cho c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m.<\/p><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n

      \u27a4 Nh\u1eefng l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c ASIC l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi: C\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng then ch\u1ed1t<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

      ASIC c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t \u1edf kh\u1eafp m\u1ecdi n\u01a1i, \u00e2m th\u1ea7m th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi:<\/p>\n\n\n\n