{"id":4174,"date":"2025-09-08T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2025-09-08T00:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/lp.szlogic.cn\/glossary\/frequency-division-multiplexing-importance-and-how-it-works\/"},"modified":"2026-06-09T10:07:34","modified_gmt":"2026-06-09T10:07:34","slug":"frequency-division-multiplexing-importance-and-how-it-works","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/resourceslp.szlogic.cn\/vi\/glossary\/frequency-division-multiplexing-importance-and-how-it-works","title":{"rendered":"FDM \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c Gi\u1ea3i Th\u00edch R\u00f5: T\u1ea7n S\u1ed1 Ph\u00e2n Chia \u0110a Truy Nh\u1eadp (FDM) L\u00e0 G\u00ec?"},"content":{"rendered":"
\"What<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi kh\u00e1t d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta, c\u00e1c m\u1ea1ng li\u00ean t\u1ee5c x\u1eed l\u00fd nhi\u1ec1u cu\u1ed9c h\u1ed9i tho\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi\u2014ph\u00e1t tr\u1ef1c tuy\u1ebfn video, cu\u1ed9c g\u1ecdi \u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i, email\u2014t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00f9ng l\u00fac. \u0110\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng g\u00e2y h\u1ed7n lo\u1ea1n, ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd l\u01b0u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cho t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u. M\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt ti\u00ean phong v\u00e0 b\u1ec1n b\u1ec9 nh\u1ea5t cho m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch n\u00e0y l\u00e0 \u0110a gh\u00e9p k\u00eanh ph\u00e2n chia theo t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1<\/strong>, or FDM<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y s\u1ebd l\u00e0 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn d\u1ec5 ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn d\u00e0nh cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1edbi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m vi\u1ec5n th\u00f4ng then ch\u1ed1t n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\ud83d\udca1 T\u1ea7n S\u1ed1 Ph\u00e2n Chia \u0110a Truy Nh\u1eadp (FDM) L\u00e0 G\u00ec?<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Gh\u00e9p k\u00eanh ph\u00e2n chia theo t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 (FDM)<\/strong> l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt \u0111a truy nh\u1eadp t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p nhi\u1ec1u t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t k\u00eanh truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng duy nh\u1ea5t b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch ph\u00e2n b\u1ed5 cho m\u1ed7i t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u m\u1ed9t d\u1ea3i t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t trong t\u1ed5ng b\u0103ng th\u00f4ng kh\u1ea3 d\u1ee5ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

H\u00e3y t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00f3 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t xa l\u1ed9 nhi\u1ec1u l\u00e0n. To\u00e0n b\u1ed9 con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 t\u1ed5ng b\u0103ng th\u00f4ng. M\u1ed7i chi\u1ebfc xe (t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u d\u1eef li\u1ec7u) di chuy\u1ec3n trong l\u00e0n \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng chuy\u00ean d\u1ee5ng ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh (d\u1ea3i t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1). Ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ec1u chia s\u1ebb c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd g\u00e2y nhi\u1ec5u l\u1eabn nhau v\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e1ch bi\u1ec7t b\u1edfi kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch (t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1). M\u1ed9t d\u1ea3i b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 (gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 d\u1ea3i ph\u00e2n c\u00e1ch gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c l\u00e0n) gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c l\u00e0n ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u1ed3ng l\u1ea5n v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec5u xuy\u00ean k\u00eanh<\/strong><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\ud83d\udca1 FDM Ho\u1ea1t \u0110\u1ed9ng Nh\u01b0 Th\u1ebf N\u00e0o? Ph\u00e2n T\u00edch T\u1eebng B\u01b0\u1edbc<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a FDM<\/strong> bao g\u1ed3m m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i giai \u0111o\u1ea1n then ch\u1ed1t \u1edf c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ea7u ph\u00e1t v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u thu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \n

  1. T\u1ea1o & \u0110i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf:<\/strong> M\u1ed7i t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u ri\u00eang l\u1ebb (nh\u01b0 gi\u1ecdng n\u00f3i ho\u1eb7c lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra. Nh\u1eefng t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 th\u1ea5p n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p cho vi\u1ec7c truy\u1ec1n d\u1eabn kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch xa. M\u1ed7i t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf m\u1ed9t s\u00f3ng mang ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t. C\u00e1c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf<\/strong><\/a> nh\u01b0 AM (\u0110i\u1ec1u bi\u00ean)<\/strong> or FM (\u0110i\u1ec1u t\u1ea7n)<\/strong> ghi t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u g\u1ed1c l\u00ean s\u00f3ng mang, d\u1ecbch chuy\u1ec3n n\u00f3 t\u1edbi m\u1ed9t t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 cao h\u01a1n v\u00e0 c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3.<\/p><\/li>

  2. K\u1ebft h\u1ee3p (\u0110a truy nh\u1eadp):<\/strong> T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c s\u00f3ng mang \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf n\u00e0y, m\u1ed7i s\u00f3ng \u1edf m\u1ed9t t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u ph\u1ee9c h\u1ee3p duy nh\u1ea5t b\u1edfi m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 \u0111a h\u1ee3p (MUX)<\/strong>. T\u00edn hi\u1ec7u t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p n\u00e0y sau \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1eedi qua m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng chung (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: c\u00e1p \u0111\u1ed3ng tr\u1ee5c, \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00e1p quang ho\u1eb7c qua kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed).<\/p><\/li>

  3. Truy\u1ec1n d\u1eabn:<\/strong> T\u00edn hi\u1ec7u t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p truy\u1ec1n qua k\u00eanh.<\/p><\/li>

  4. T\u00e1ch bi\u1ec7t (Gi\u1ea3i \u0111a truy nh\u1eadp):<\/strong> \u1ede \u0111\u1ea7u thu, m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 t\u00e1ch h\u1ee3p (DEMUX)<\/strong> th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n thao t\u00e1c ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i. N\u00f3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 l\u1ecdc th\u00f4ng d\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00e1ch ri\u00eang t\u1eebng t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 s\u00f3ng mang d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean d\u1ea3i t\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u00e1n cho n\u00f3.<\/p><\/li>

  5. Gi\u1ea3i \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf:<\/strong> M\u1ed7i t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e1ch ri\u00eang sau \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf, lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf s\u00f3ng mang \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00edch xu\u1ea5t t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u b\u0103ng g\u1ed1c ban \u0111\u1ea7u, r\u1ed3i chuy\u1ec3n t\u1edbi \u0111\u00edch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/p><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n

    \"Frequency-Division<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

    \ud83d\udca1 C\u00e1c \u1ee8ng D\u1ee5ng Ch\u00ednh C\u1ee7a FDM: N\u00f3 \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c S\u1eed D\u1ee5ng \u1ede \u0110\u00e2u?<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

    FDM<\/strong> l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n \u0111\u00e3 m\u1edf \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cho vi\u1ec5n th\u00f4ng hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i. C\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 r\u1ea5t r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i:<\/p>\n\n\n\n