{"id":4156,"date":"2025-11-05T11:12:00","date_gmt":"2025-11-05T11:12:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/lp.szlogic.cn\/glossary\/fpga-field-programmable-gate-array-explained\/"},"modified":"2026-06-22T08:59:27","modified_gmt":"2026-06-22T08:59:27","slug":"fpga-field-programmable-gate-array-explained","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/resourceslp.szlogic.cn\/vi\/glossary\/fpga-field-programmable-gate-array-explained","title":{"rendered":"FPGA (M\u1ea3ng c\u1ed5ng l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00ean hi\u1ec7n tr\u01b0\u1eddng) \u2014 T\u1ed5ng quan k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7"},"content":{"rendered":"
\"What<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

FPGA (M\u1ea3ng c\u1ed5ng l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00ean tr\u01b0\u1eddng)<\/strong> l\u00e0 c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb b\u00e1n d\u1eabn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh l\u1ea1i, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 x\u1eed l\u00fd logic s\u1ed1 song song<\/strong>, cho ph\u00e9p k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 tri\u1ec3n khai c\u00e1c ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng t\u00f9y ch\u1ec9nh sau khi s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t. Kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 CPU ho\u1eb7c GPU<\/a> tu\u00e2n theo t\u1eadp l\u1ec7nh c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh, logic c\u1ee7a FPGA c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c Ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef M\u00f4 t\u1ea3 Ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng (HDL) nh\u01b0 Verilog<\/strong> or VHDL<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i trong c\u00e1c l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c vi\u1ec5n th\u00f4ng 5G, m\u1ea1ng t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 cao, h\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng v\u0169 tr\u1ee5, t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, AI \u1edf bi\u00ean v\u00e0 x\u1eed l\u00fd t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u th\u1eddi gian th\u1ef1c<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u25b6 FPGA l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

M\u1ed9t FPGA l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t m\u1ea1ch t\u00edch h\u1ee3p<\/strong> g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c kh\u1ed1i logic c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh (CLB), li\u00ean k\u1ebft c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh, kh\u1ed1i I\/O, b\u1ed9 nh\u1edb nh\u00fang v\u00e0 c\u00e1c l\u00e1t c\u1eaft DSP ho\u1eb7c b\u1ed9 t\u0103ng t\u1ed1c ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng t\u00f9y ch\u1ecdn. K\u1ef9 s\u01b0 l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh h\u00e0nh vi ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng, cho ph\u00e9p tri\u1ec3n khai c\u00e1c m\u1ea1ch s\u1ed1 t\u00f9y ch\u1ec9nh<\/strong> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a v\u1ec1 hi\u1ec7u n\u0103ng, \u0111\u1ed9 tr\u1ec5 v\u00e0 th\u00f4ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

N\u00f3i c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n

FPGA = Ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 vi\u1ebft l\u1ea1i v\u00e0 t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a cho c\u00e1c t\u00e1c v\u1ee5 c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3.<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

\"FPGA\uff1aField-Programmable<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u25b6 Ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac FPGA v\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ch\u00ednh<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

C\u00e1c kh\u1ed1i x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i c\u1ee7a FPGA<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
\n\n<\/colgroup>

Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n FPGA<\/p><\/th>

Ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng<\/p><\/th><\/tr>

C\u00e1c kh\u1ed1i logic c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh (CLB<\/strong>)<\/p><\/td>

Th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c h\u00e0m logic v\u00e0 ph\u00e9p to\u00e1n s\u1ed1 h\u1ecdc<\/p><\/td><\/tr>

B\u1ea3ng tra c\u1ee9u (LUT)<\/p><\/td>

T\u1ea1o c\u1ed5ng logic v\u00e0 logic t\u1ed5 h\u1ee3p<\/p><\/td><\/tr>

Flip-Flop \/ Thanh ghi<\/p><\/td>

L\u01b0u tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i v\u00e0 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u<\/p><\/td><\/tr>

Li\u00ean k\u1ebft c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh<\/p><\/td>

K\u1ebft n\u1ed1i linh ho\u1ea1t gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed logic<\/p><\/td><\/tr>

C\u00e1c l\u00e1t c\u1eaft DSP<\/p><\/td>

T\u0103ng t\u1ed1c c\u00e1c ph\u00e9p to\u00e1n to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: MAC, FFT)<\/p><\/td><\/tr>

B\u1ed9 nh\u1edb kh\u1ed1i (BRAM)<\/p><\/td>

B\u1ed9 nh\u1edb tr\u00ean chip d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ec7m\/d\u1eef li\u1ec7u<\/p><\/td><\/tr>

B\u1ed9 truy\u1ec1n nh\u1eadn (SERDES)<\/p><\/td>

Giao ti\u1ebfp n\u1ed1i ti\u1ebfp t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 cao<\/p><\/td><\/tr>

C\u00e1c ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng I\/O<\/p><\/td>

Giao ti\u1ebfp v\u1edbi c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i nh\u01b0 PHY Ethernet<\/p><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

C\u00e1ch l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh FPGA ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Bitstream FPGA \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p logic, b\u1ed1 tr\u00ed v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh tuy\u1ebfn. Quy tr\u00ecnh \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n\/Logic \u2192 L\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh HDL\/RTL \u2192 T\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p \u2192 Bitstream \u2192 C\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh FPGA\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
\u25b6 So s\u00e1nh FPGA v\u1edbi CPU, GPU v\u00e0 ASIC<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\"FPGA<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\n\n<\/colgroup>
\u0110\u1eb7c t\u00ednh<\/p><\/th>
FPGA<\/p><\/th>
CPU<\/a><\/p><\/th>
GPU<\/a><\/p><\/th>
ASIC<\/a><\/p><\/th><\/tr>
Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh<\/p><\/td>
Ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh l\u1ea1i<\/p><\/td>
Ch\u1ec9 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m<\/p><\/td>
Ch\u1ec9 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m<\/p><\/td>
Ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/p><\/td><\/tr>
Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng x\u1eed l\u00fd song song<\/p><\/td>
R\u1ea5t cao<\/p><\/td>
Trung b\u00ecnh<\/p><\/td>
R\u1ea5t cao<\/p><\/td>
D\u00e0nh ri\u00eang cho \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3<\/p><\/td><\/tr>
\u0110\u1ed9 Tr\u1ec5<\/p><\/td>
R\u1ea5t th\u1ea5p<\/p><\/td>
Trung b\u00ecnh<\/p><\/td>
Trung b\u00ecnh<\/p><\/td>
Th\u1ea5p nh\u1ea5t
<\/p><\/td><\/tr>
Hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/p><\/td>
Cao
<\/p><\/td>
Trung b\u00ecnh<\/p><\/td>
Trung b\u00ecnh<\/p><\/td>
R\u1ea5t cao<\/p><\/td><\/tr>
Th\u1eddi gian tri\u1ec3n khai<\/p><\/td>
Nhanh<\/p><\/td>
Nhanh<\/p><\/td>
Nhanh<\/p><\/td>
D\u00e0i<\/p><\/td><\/tr>
Tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u1ed1i \u01b0u<\/p><\/td>
Logic th\u1eddi gian th\u1ef1c, m\u1ea1ng, x\u1eed l\u00fd t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u<\/p><\/td>
T\u00ednh to\u00e1n chung<\/p><\/td>
AI quy m\u00f4 l\u1edbn, \u0111\u1ed3 h\u1ecda<\/p><\/td>
C\u00e1c ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t h\u00e0ng lo\u1ea1t<\/p><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\n\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\u25b6 C\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a FPGA<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
Vi\u1ec5n th\u00f4ng & 5G<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
\n<\/colgroup>
\u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng<\/p><\/th>
Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u<\/p><\/th>
Gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p LINK-PP<\/p><\/th><\/tr>
B\u1ed9 \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n PLC c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p<\/p><\/td>
Ethernet m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd<\/p><\/td>
MagJack c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p<\/a><\/p><\/td><\/tr>
AI \u1edf bi\u00ean v\u00e0 th\u1ecb gi\u00e1c th\u00f4ng minh<\/p><\/td>
D\u1eef li\u1ec7u t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 cao + PoE<\/p><\/td>
MagJack RJ45 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 PoE<\/a><\/p><\/td><\/tr>
\u0110\u01a1n v\u1ecb vi\u1ec5n th\u00f4ng v\u00e0 c\u01a1 s\u1edf b\u0103ng t\u1ea7n<\/p><\/td>
Ethernet nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m v\u1edbi EMI<\/p><\/td>
Shielded RJ45<\/a><\/p><\/td><\/tr>
C\u00e1c n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n nh\u00fang<\/p><\/td>
I\/O t\u00edch h\u1ee3p nh\u1ecf g\u1ecdn<\/p><\/td>
MagJack t\u00edch h\u1ee3p<\/a><\/p><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\u25b6 K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
FPGA cho ph\u00e9p tri\u1ec3n khai logic s\u1ed1 t\u00f9y ch\u1ec9nh, hi\u1ec7u n\u0103ng cao v\u1edbi kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng x\u1eed l\u00fd song song v\u01b0\u1ee3t tr\u1ed9i, \u0111\u1ed9 tr\u1ec5 th\u1ea5p v\u00e0 x\u1eed l\u00fd x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh\u2014l\u00e0m cho ch\u00fang tr\u1edf n\u00ean thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu trong vi\u1ec5n th\u00f4ng, t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, \u0111i\u1ec7n to\u00e1n AI \u1edf bi\u00ean v\u00e0 m\u1ea1ng hi\u1ec7u n\u0103ng cao<\/strong>. Khi k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u00e1c giao di\u1ec7n Ethernet \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady nh\u01b0 Jack RJ45 t\u00edch h\u1ee3p LINK-PP<\/strong><\/a>, c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng FPGA \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd, hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t EMI t\u1ed1t v\u00e0 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 PoE t\u00f9y ch\u1ecdn nh\u1eb1m tri\u1ec3n khai nh\u1ecf g\u1ecdn v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u25b6 C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
Li\u1ec7u FPGA c\u00f3 nhanh h\u01a1n <\/strong>CPU<\/strong><\/a>?<\/strong>
C\u00f3, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c t\u00e1c v\u1ee5 th\u1eddi gian th\u1ef1c song song. FPGA cung c\u1ea5p kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng th\u1ef1c thi \u0111\u1ed9 tr\u1ec5 th\u1ea5p v\u00e0 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Li\u1ec7u FPGA c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thay th\u1ebf <\/strong>GPU<\/strong><\/a>?<\/strong>
Kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i trong m\u1ecdi tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p. GPU v\u01b0\u1ee3t tr\u1ed9i trong hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n AI, trong khi FPGA \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u01b0a chu\u1ed9ng h\u01a1n cho suy lu\u1eadn \u1edf bi\u00ean v\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u1ea3i c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n th\u1eddi gian th\u1ef1c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
V\u00ec sao n\u00ean d\u00f9ng FPGA thay v\u00ec <\/strong>ASIC<\/strong><\/a>?<\/strong>
FPGA cung c\u1ea5p kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh l\u1ea1i<\/strong>, tri\u1ec3n khai nhanh h\u01a1n v\u00e0 chi ph\u00ed ban \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n, l\u00e0m cho ch\u00fang l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng cho c\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n \u0111ang ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n l\u1eb7p \u0111i l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
T\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u FPGA (M\u1ea3ng c\u1ed5ng l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00ean hi\u1ec7n tr\u01b0\u1eddng) l\u00e0 g\u00ec, c\u00e1ch ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac FPGA ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng, c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng ch\u00ednh trong 5G, AI v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 l\u00fd do v\u00ec sao vi\u1ec7c t\u00edch h\u1ee3p RJ45 MagJack l\u1ea1i quan tr\u1ecdng.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":4155,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[27],"tags":[22],"class_list":["post-4156","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-glossary","tag-integrated-rj45-connectors"],"blocksy_meta":[],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/resourceslp.szlogic.cn\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4156","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/resourceslp.szlogic.cn\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/resourceslp.szlogic.cn\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/resourceslp.szlogic.cn\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/resourceslp.szlogic.cn\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4156"}],"version-history":[{"count":7,"href":"https:\/\/resourceslp.szlogic.cn\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4156\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":11338,"href":"https:\/\/resourceslp.szlogic.cn\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4156\/revisions\/11338"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/resourceslp.szlogic.cn\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/4155"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/resourceslp.szlogic.cn\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4156"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/resourceslp.szlogic.cn\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4156"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/resourceslp.szlogic.cn\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4156"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}