{"id":4092,"date":"2025-11-13T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2025-11-13T00:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/lp.szlogic.cn\/glossary\/ldp-label-distribution-protocol-in-mpls-network\/"},"modified":"2026-06-22T05:08:43","modified_gmt":"2026-06-22T05:08:43","slug":"ldp-label-distribution-protocol-in-mpls-network","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/resourceslp.szlogic.cn\/vi\/glossary\/ldp-label-distribution-protocol-in-mpls-network","title":{"rendered":"LDP l\u00e0 g\u00ec? N\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c chuy\u1ec3n nh\u00e3n trong MPLS"},"content":{"rendered":"
\"What<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\ud83d\udd39 LDP L\u00e0 G\u00ec?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

LDP (Giao th\u1ee9c ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i nh\u00e3n)<\/strong> l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t giao th\u1ee9c \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong MPLS (Chuy\u1ec3n m\u1ea1ch nh\u00e3n \u0111a giao th\u1ee9c)<\/strong><\/a> c\u00e1c m\u1ea1ng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng g\u00e1n v\u00e0 trao \u0111\u1ed5i nh\u00e3n gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ecbnh tuy\u1ebfn.
Thay v\u00ec ch\u1ec9 d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ecbnh tuy\u1ebfn IP truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng, MPLS s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c nh\u00e3n ng\u1eafn, c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0i c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp g\u00f3i tin m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 qua c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eabn \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1edbc, g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 C\u00e1c \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng Chuy\u1ec3n Nh\u00e3n (LSP)<\/strong><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Th\u00f4ng qua LDP, c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ecbnh tuy\u1ebfn \u2014 c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 C\u00e1c B\u1ed9 \u0110\u1ecbnh Tuy\u1ebfn Chuy\u1ec3n Nh\u00e3n (LSR)<\/strong> and C\u00e1c B\u1ed9 \u0110\u1ecbnh Tuy\u1ebfn Bi\u00ean Nh\u00e3n (LER)<\/strong> \u2014 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 trao \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u00f4ng tin \u00e1nh x\u1ea1 nh\u00e3n, t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eabn t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 m\u1ea1ch \u1ea3o tr\u00ean c\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng MPLS.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\ud83d\udd39 C\u00e1ch LDP Ho\u1ea1t \u0110\u1ed9ng<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Kh\u00e1m Ph\u00e1 v\u00e0 Thi\u1ebft L\u1eadp Phi\u00ean<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

C\u00e1c b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ecbnh tuy\u1ebfn kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 c\u00e1c LSR l\u00e2n c\u1eadn b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch trao \u0111\u1ed5i C\u00e1c Th\u00f4ng \u0110i\u1ec7p Hello LDP<\/strong>.
Khi k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp (th\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u1ed5ng TCP 646), ch\u00fang t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t Phi\u00ean LDP<\/strong> \u0111\u1ec3 trao \u0111\u1ed5i th\u00f4ng tin nh\u00e3n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00c1nh X\u1ea1 Nh\u00e3n v\u00e0 Qu\u1ea3ng B\u00e1<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

M\u1ed7i LSR li\u00ean k\u1ebft m\u1ed9t nh\u00e3n c\u1ee5c b\u1ed9 v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t ti\u1ec1n t\u1ed1 IP t\u1eeb b\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh tuy\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 \u2014 v\u00ed d\u1ee5:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

10.0.0\/16 \u2192 Nh\u00e3n 102\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
C\u00e1c \u00e1nh x\u1ea1 nh\u00e3n n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u1ea3ng b\u00e1 t\u1edbi c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ecbnh tuy\u1ebfn l\u00e2n c\u1eadn, cho ph\u00e9p ch\u00fang x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t C\u01a1 S\u1edf Th\u00f4ng Tin Chuy\u1ec3n Ti\u1ebfp Nh\u00e3n (LFIB)<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
T\u1ea1o \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng Chuy\u1ec3n Nh\u00e3n<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
Khi m\u1ed7i b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ecbnh tuy\u1ebfn nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00f4ng tin nh\u00e3n t\u1eeb c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed3ng nghi\u1ec7p, n\u00f3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng ng\u0103n x\u1ebfp nh\u00e3n c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp g\u00f3i tin.
Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng Chuy\u1ec3n Nh\u00e3n (LSP)<\/strong><\/a> \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 t\u1eeb LER \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ebfn LER \u0111\u1ea7u ra, cho ph\u00e9p g\u00f3i tin di chuy\u1ec3n qua m\u1ea1ng m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n tra c\u1ee9u IP l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\"MPLS<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\ud83d\udd39 So S\u00e1nh LDP v\u00e0 RSVP-TE: Hi\u1ec3u S\u1ef1 Kh\u00e1c Bi\u1ec7t<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\n\n<\/colgroup>
\u0110\u1eb7c t\u00ednh<\/p><\/th>
LDP<\/strong><\/p><\/th>
RSVP-TE<\/strong><\/p><\/th><\/tr>
Ki\u1ec3m So\u00e1t \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng D\u1eabn<\/strong><\/p><\/td>
D\u1ef1a tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eabn ng\u1eafn nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a IGP<\/p><\/td>
\u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb vi\u00ean x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng<\/p><\/td><\/tr>
K\u1ef9 Thu\u1eadt \u0110\u1ecbnh Tuy\u1ebfn L\u01b0u L\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/strong><\/p><\/td>
No<\/p><\/td>
C\u00f3<\/p><\/td><\/tr>
D\u1ef1 Tr\u1eef QoS \/ B\u0103ng Th\u00f4ng<\/strong><\/p><\/td>
H\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf<\/p><\/td>
\u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c H\u1ed7 Tr\u1ee3<\/p><\/td><\/tr>
\u0110\u1ed9 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p<\/strong><\/p><\/td>
\u0110\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n h\u01a1n<\/p><\/td>
Ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p h\u01a1n<\/p><\/td><\/tr>
Tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng<\/strong><\/p><\/td>
Chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp MPLS T\u1ed5ng Qu\u00e1t<\/p><\/td>
T\u1ed1i \u01afu H\u00f3a L\u01b0u L\u01b0\u1ee3ng Tr\u00ean C\u01a1 S\u1edf H\u1ea1 T\u1ea7ng<\/p><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 LDP<\/strong> cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n v\u00e0 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ec3 thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eabn nh\u00e3n, RSVP-TE (Giao Th\u1ee9c D\u1ef1 Tr\u1eef T\u00e0i Nguy\u00ean \u2013 K\u1ef9 Thu\u1eadt \u0110\u1ecbnh Tuy\u1ebfn L\u01b0u L\u01b0\u1ee3ng)<\/strong> cho ph\u00e9p ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t n\u00e2ng cao h\u01a1n, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 d\u1ef1 tr\u1eef b\u0103ng th\u00f4ng v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c thi QoS trong c\u00e1c m\u1ea1ng nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 l\u1edbn.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\ud83d\udd39 C\u00e1c Lo\u1ea1i LDP<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\u25b7 LDP C\u01a1 B\u1ea3n (LDP T\u1eebng B\u01b0\u1edbc)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
Nh\u00e3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u00e1n d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean th\u00f4ng tin \u0111\u1ecbnh tuy\u1ebfn IGP (OSPF, IS-IS).
M\u1ed7i b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh nh\u00e3n ti\u1ebfp theo, t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t LSP theo ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c \u201cc\u1ed1 g\u1eafng t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u25b7 LDP H\u01b0\u1edbng T\u1edbi (tLDP)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
\u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp c\u00e1c LSP gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ecbnh tuy\u1ebfn kh\u00f4ng k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp.
\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi C\u00e1c M\u1ea1ng VPN L\u1edbp 2\/3 MPLS<\/strong>, n\u01a1i vi\u1ec7c trao \u0111\u1ed5i nh\u00e3n di\u1ec5n ra gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ecbnh tuy\u1ebfn bi\u00ean \u1edf xa.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\ud83d\udd39 \u01afu \u0110i\u1ec3m Khi S\u1eed D\u1ee5ng LDP<\/h2>\n\n\n\n