{"id":4082,"date":"2025-11-13T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2025-11-13T00:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/lp.szlogic.cn\/glossary\/label-switched-paths-lsps-in-mpls-networks\/"},"modified":"2026-06-22T05:08:11","modified_gmt":"2026-06-22T05:08:11","slug":"label-switched-paths-lsps-in-mpls-networks","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/resourceslp.szlogic.cn\/vi\/glossary\/label-switched-paths-lsps-in-mpls-networks","title":{"rendered":"T\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eabn chuy\u1ec3n nh\u00e3n (LSP) trong m\u1ea1ng MPLS"},"content":{"rendered":"
\"What<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Trong c\u00e1c m\u1ea1ng truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng IP v\u00e0 quang hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i, C\u00e1c \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng Chuy\u1ec3n Nh\u00e3n (LSP)<\/strong> t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh x\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u1ed1ng logic c\u1ee7a MPLS (Chuy\u1ec3n m\u1ea1ch nh\u00e3n \u0111a giao th\u1ee9c)<\/strong><\/a> ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac. Ch\u00fang x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i m\u00e0 c\u00e1c g\u00f3i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u di chuy\u1ec3n qua b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ecbnh tuy\u1ebfn v\u00e0 b\u1ed9 chuy\u1ec3n m\u1ea1ch, \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, \u0111\u1ed9 tr\u1ec5 th\u1ea5p v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng b\u0103ng th\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u27a1\ufe0f LSP l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

A \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng Chuy\u1ec3n Nh\u00e3n (LSP)<\/strong> l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t chu\u1ed7i c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ecbnh tuy\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u00e0 m\u1ed9t g\u00f3i MPLS \u0111i qua. M\u1ed7i b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ecbnh tuy\u1ebfn tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i n\u00e0y\u2014g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 B\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ecbnh tuy\u1ebfn chuy\u1ec3n m\u1ea1ch nh\u00e3n (LSR)<\/strong>\u2014chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp c\u00e1c g\u00f3i d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u00e1c nh\u00e3n ng\u1eafn, c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0i c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh thay v\u00ec th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c tra c\u1ee9u IP ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Khi m\u1ed9t g\u00f3i v\u00e0o m\u1ea1ng MPLS, b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ecbnh tuy\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o (ingress) g\u00e1n m\u1ed9t nh\u00e3n \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u00edch v\u00e0 l\u1edbp d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. Khi g\u00f3i di chuy\u1ec3n qua m\u1ea1ng, c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ecbnh tuy\u1ebfn LSR trung gian s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nh\u00e3n n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec3n nhanh g\u00f3i t\u1edbi giao di\u1ec7n xu\u1ea5t \u0111\u00fang. Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ecbnh tuy\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea7u ra (egress) lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf nh\u00e3n tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi chuy\u1ec3n g\u00f3i t\u1edbi \u0111\u00edch cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u01a1 ch\u1ebf chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean nh\u00e3n n\u00e0y cho ph\u00e9p giao g\u00f3i nhanh<\/strong>, h\u00e0nh vi l\u01b0u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c<\/strong>, and ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t QoS chi ti\u1ebft<\/strong>\u2014nh\u1eefng l\u1ee3i th\u1ebf then ch\u1ed1t so v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ecbnh tuy\u1ebfn IP truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u27a1\ufe0f C\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a LSP: T\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
    \n

  1. G\u00e1n nh\u00e3n t\u1ea1i \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u00e0o (Ingress Labeling)<\/strong> \u2013 B\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ecbnh tuy\u1ebfn bi\u00ean nh\u00e3n (LER) t\u1ea1i \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u00e0o ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i g\u00f3i IP \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o v\u00e0 g\u1eafn m\u1ed9t nh\u00e3n MPLS<\/a> x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh LSP c\u1ee7a n\u00f3.<\/p><\/li>

  2. Chuy\u1ec3n m\u1ea1ch nh\u00e3n (Label Switching)<\/strong> \u2013 M\u1ed7i b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ecbnh tuy\u1ebfn LSR trung gian ki\u1ec3m tra nh\u00e3n, \u0111\u1ed5i nh\u00e3n \u0111\u00f3 b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t nh\u00e3n m\u1edbi theo b\u1ea3ng chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 v\u00e0 g\u1eedi g\u00f3i t\u1edbi n\u00fat k\u1ebf ti\u1ebfp.<\/p><\/li>

  3. Th\u00e1o b\u1ecdc t\u1ea1i \u0111i\u1ec3m ra (Egress Decapsulation)<\/strong> \u2013 B\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ecbnh tuy\u1ebfn LER t\u1ea1i \u0111i\u1ec3m ra lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf nh\u00e3n v\u00e0 chuy\u1ec3n g\u00f3i IP t\u1edbi \u0111\u00edch ti\u1ebfp theo.<\/p><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n

    \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1c giao th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ecbnh tuy\u1ebfn nh\u01b0 LDP (Giao th\u1ee9c ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i nh\u00e3n)<\/strong> ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng cho K\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u01b0\u1edbng l\u01b0u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng (TE)<\/strong> s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng RSVP-TE (Giao th\u1ee9c d\u1ef1 tr\u1eef t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean \u2013 K\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt l\u01b0u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng)<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \"How<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

    \u27a1\ufe0f C\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a LSP trong m\u1ea1ng hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

    K\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt l\u01b0u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng MPLS (TE)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

    LSP cho ph\u00e9p nh\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t lu\u1ed3ng l\u01b0u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n b\u1ed5 b\u0103ng th\u00f4ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch th\u00f4ng minh. Ch\u00fang cho ph\u00e9p m\u1ea1ng \u0111\u1ecbnh tuy\u1ebfn l\u01b0u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u1ecdc theo c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i tr\u00e1nh t\u1eafc ngh\u1ebdn, c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng m\u1ee9c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng tr\u00ean nhi\u1ec1u li\u00ean k\u1ebft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    D\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 VPN (L3VPN \/ L2VPN)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

    C\u00e1c m\u1ea1ng VPN MPLS s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng LSP \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00e1ch bi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt l\u01b0u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng. M\u1ed7i VPN<\/a> c\u00f3 c\u00e1c LSP ri\u00eang, \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t v\u00e0 t\u00ednh ri\u00eang t\u01b0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cam k\u1ebft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 (QoS)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

    B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch li\u00ean k\u1ebft c\u00e1c nh\u00e3n c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 v\u1edbi c\u00e1c l\u1edbp d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5, nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u01b0u ti\u00ean c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9 tr\u1ec5 nh\u01b0 VoIP<\/a>, h\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb truy\u1ec1n h\u00ecnh ho\u1eb7c l\u01b0u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng IoT c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \u0110\u1ecbnh tuy\u1ebfn l\u1ea1i nhanh (FRR)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

    C\u00e1c LSP d\u1ef1 ph\u00f2ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp s\u1eb5n \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o th\u1eddi gian kh\u00f4i ph\u1ee5c d\u01b0\u1edbi 50ms khi x\u1ea3y ra s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 li\u00ean k\u1ebft ho\u1eb7c n\u00fat\u2014y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 then ch\u1ed1t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9 tin c\u1eady \u0111\u1ea1t chu\u1ea9n nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \u27a1\ufe0f C\u00e1c l\u1ee3i th\u1ebf c\u1ee7a m\u1ea1ng d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean LSP<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
    \n\n<\/colgroup>

    L\u1ee3i th\u1ebf<\/p><\/th>

    M\u00f4 t\u1ea3<\/p><\/th><\/tr>

    \u0110\u1ecbnh tuy\u1ebfn x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/strong><\/p><\/td>

    LSP tu\u00e2n theo c\u00e1c tuy\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh, c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng d\u1ef1 b\u00e1o v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t.<\/p><\/td><\/tr>

    Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng<\/strong><\/p><\/td>

    Vi\u1ec7c chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean nh\u00e3n \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n h\u00f3a b\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh tuy\u1ebfn, cho ph\u00e9p tri\u1ec3n khai m\u1ea1ng quy m\u00f4 l\u1edbn.<\/p><\/td><\/tr>

    Ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t QoS<\/strong><\/p><\/td>

    H\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 c\u00e1c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch g\u00e1n nh\u00e3n c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 cho c\u00e1c l\u1edbp l\u01b0u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/p><\/td><\/tr>

    Kh\u00f4i ph\u1ee5c nhanh khi s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1<\/strong><\/p><\/td>

    C\u00e1c LSP d\u1ef1 ph\u00f2ng cho ph\u00e9p kh\u00f4i ph\u1ee5c nhanh ch\u00f3ng v\u00e0 duy tr\u00ec lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u kh\u00f4ng gi\u00e1n \u0111o\u1ea1n.<\/p><\/td><\/tr>

    T\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00edch<\/strong><\/p><\/td>

    LSP t\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00edch v\u1edbi c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 l\u1edbp IP, Ethernet v\u00e0 l\u1edbp quang.<\/p><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

    \u27a1\ufe0f LSP v\u00e0 l\u1edbp v\u1eadt l\u00fd: K\u1ebft n\u1ed1i LINK-PP<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

    M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 LSP ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u1edf l\u1edbp logic, hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ed9 tin c\u1eady v\u00e0 t\u00ednh to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u1eadt l\u00fd n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    LINK-PP\u2019s
    <\/a> hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t cao b\u1ed9 thu ph\u00e1t quang<\/strong> and \u0111\u1ea7u n\u1ed1i RJ45 t\u00edch h\u1ee3p<\/strong> cung c\u1ea5p n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng v\u1eadt l\u00fd \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh cho c\u00e1c \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eabn chuy\u1ec3n m\u1ea1ch nh\u00e3n d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean MPLS (LSP), \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ed9 tr\u1ec5 th\u1ea5p v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 tin c\u1eady cao tr\u00ean c\u00e1c m\u1ea1ng trung t\u00e2m d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 vi\u1ec5n th\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    V\u00ed d\u1ee5:<\/p>\n\n\n\n