{"id":3880,"date":"2025-11-08T11:12:00","date_gmt":"2025-11-08T11:12:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/lp.szlogic.cn\/glossary\/understanding-internet-control-message-protocol-icmp-guide\/"},"modified":"2026-06-22T08:59:02","modified_gmt":"2026-06-22T08:59:02","slug":"understanding-internet-control-message-protocol-icmp-guide","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/resourceslp.szlogic.cn\/vi\/glossary\/understanding-internet-control-message-protocol-icmp-guide","title":{"rendered":"Ng\u01b0\u1eddi G\u1eedi Th\u1ea7m L\u1eb7ng: Kh\u00e1m Ph\u00e1 S\u00e2u V\u1ec1 Giao Th\u1ee9c Tin Nh\u1eafn \u0110i\u1ec1u Khi\u1ec3n Internet (ICMP), Giao Th\u1ee9c \u0110i\u1ec1u Khi\u1ec3n C\u1ee7a Internet"},"content":{"rendered":"<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-large\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1408\" height=\"768\" src=\"https:\/\/resourceslp.szlogic.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/c5b56e5ec5a24776b524bd96c7560b99.jpg\" alt=\"Understanding Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP)\" class=\"wp-image-3878\" srcset=\"https:\/\/resourceslp.szlogic.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/c5b56e5ec5a24776b524bd96c7560b99.jpg 1408w, https:\/\/resourceslp.szlogic.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/c5b56e5ec5a24776b524bd96c7560b99-300x164.jpg 300w, https:\/\/resourceslp.szlogic.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/c5b56e5ec5a24776b524bd96c7560b99-1024x559.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/resourceslp.szlogic.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/c5b56e5ec5a24776b524bd96c7560b99-768x419.jpg 768w, https:\/\/resourceslp.szlogic.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/c5b56e5ec5a24776b524bd96c7560b99-18x10.jpg 18w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1408px) 100vw, 1408px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">B\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 bao gi\u1edd t\u1ef1 h\u1ecfi \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec x\u1ea3y ra ph\u00eda sau h\u1eadu tr\u01b0\u1eddng khi b\u1ea1n ch\u1ea1y m\u1ed9t <mark data-color=\"var(--qc-color2)\" style=\"background-color: var(--qc-color2); color: inherit;\">ping<br><\/mark> l\u1ec7nh ho\u1eb7c g\u1eb7p l\u1ed7i \u201c\u0110\u00edch kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 truy c\u1eadp\u201d? C\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi n\u1eb1m \u1edf m\u1ed9t giao th\u1ee9c c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n, nh\u01b0ng th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ecb b\u1ecf qua, gi\u00fap Internet ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng tr\u01a1n tru: giao th\u1ee9c <strong>Th\u00f4ng b\u00e1o \u0110i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n Internet (ICMP)<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Trong khi c\u00e1c giao th\u1ee9c nh\u01b0 <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/resourceslp.szlogic.cn\/vi\/glossary\/tcp-ip-model-network-communication-layers-and-data-exchange\/\"><strong>TCP<\/strong><\/a> v\u00e0 TCP \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ca ng\u1ee3i h\u1ebft l\u1eddi v\u00ec vi\u1ec7c truy\u1ec1n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n, ICMP l\u1ea1i l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c kh\u00f4ng m\u1ec7t m\u1ecfi \u1edf h\u1eadu tr\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0a tin ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a Internet. Trong h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n n\u00e0y, ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd ph\u00e2n t\u00edch k\u1ef9 <strong>ICMP l\u00e0 g\u00ec<\/strong>, c\u00e1ch n\u00f3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 l\u00fd do v\u00ec sao n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 thi\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe m\u1ea1ng. Ch\u00fang ta c\u0169ng s\u1ebd kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 c\u00e1ch ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng v\u1eadt l\u00fd, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/www.l-p.com\/store-25432-optics-transceivers-sfp-modules.htm\"><strong>b\u1ed9 thu ph\u00e1t quang<\/strong><\/a>, \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng trong vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o nh\u1eefng th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy\u1ec1n \u0111i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" ><strong>\u2699\ufe0f Nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m ch\u00ednh c\u1ea7n ghi nh\u1edb<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><p><strong>ICMP<\/strong> gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 m\u1ea1ng. N\u00f3 g\u1eedi c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p v\u1ec1 l\u1ed7i v\u00e0 c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i.<\/p><\/li><li><p>B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 ping v\u00e0 traceroute \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m tra m\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. C\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 n\u00e0y s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ICMP \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m tra xem c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb c\u00f3 \u0111ang tr\u1ef1c tuy\u1ebfn hay kh\u00f4ng. Ch\u00fang c\u0169ng hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb l\u1ed9 tr\u00ecnh m\u00e0 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n \u0111i qua.<\/p><\/li><li><p>ICMP g\u1eedi c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p l\u1ed7i quan tr\u1ecdng. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u00f4ng b\u00e1o \u2018\u0110\u00edch kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 truy c\u1eadp\u2019 n\u1ebfu d\u1eef li\u1ec7u kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a n\u00f3.<\/p><\/li><li><p>H\u00e3y c\u1ea3nh gi\u00e1c v\u1edbi c\u00e1c r\u1ee7i ro b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn ICMP. Tin t\u1eb7c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u1ee3i d\u1ee5ng giao th\u1ee9c n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng nh\u01b0 DDoS. B\u1ea1n n\u00ean gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n l\u01b0u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ICMP d\u01b0 th\u1eeba nh\u1eb1m \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o an to\u00e0n cho m\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh.<\/p><\/li><li><p>ICMP kh\u00f4ng d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 g\u1eedi d\u1eef li\u1ec7u th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng. H\u00e3y s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng n\u00f3 cho qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb m\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 thay v\u00ec m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch kh\u00e1c.<\/p><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" ><strong>\u2699\ufe0f ICMP l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>ICMP<\/strong> l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t giao th\u1ee9c \u1edf t\u1ea7ng m\u1ea1ng, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb m\u1ea1ng\u2014nh\u01b0 b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ecbnh tuy\u1ebfn, b\u1ed9 chuy\u1ec3n m\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7\u2014s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 trao \u0111\u1ed5i th\u00f4ng tin v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh v\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p l\u1ed7i. Giao th\u1ee9c n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 mang d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng, m\u00e0 nh\u1eb1m b\u00e1o c\u00e1o tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">H\u00e3y h\u00ecnh dung nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0y: N\u1ebfu c\u00e1c g\u00f3i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng l\u00e1 th\u01b0 v\u00e0 b\u01b0u ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1eedi qua d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 b\u01b0u ch\u00ednh, th\u00ec ICMP ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u00f4ng b\u00e1o giao h\u00e0ng, gi\u1ea5y \u201ctr\u1ea3 l\u1ea1i ng\u01b0\u1eddi g\u1eedi\u201d v\u00e0 gi\u1ea5y ghi ch\u00fa \u201c\u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 kh\u00f4ng t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i\u201d, gi\u00fap h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng b\u01b0u ch\u00ednh v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">M\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ea7n nh\u1edb: ICMP l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t giao th\u1ee9c h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3, ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb vi\u00ean m\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 <strong>c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n m\u1ea1ng n\u00e2ng cao<\/strong> s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1ec1 k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" ><strong>\u2699\ufe0f ICMP ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o? C\u01a1 ch\u1ebf c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>ICMP<\/strong> ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch g\u1eedi c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 g\u00f3i ICMP ho\u1eb7c d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ICMP. Nh\u1eefng th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3i b\u00ean trong c\u00e1c g\u00f3i IP nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9 giao th\u1ee9c Internet <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/resourceslp.szlogic.cn\/vi\/glossary\/tcp-ip-model-network-communication-layers-and-data-exchange\/\"><strong>(TCP\/IP)<\/strong><\/a>. V\u00ec c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p ICMP \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c mang trong c\u00e1c g\u00f3i IP, n\u00ean ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i tr\u01b0\u1edbc\u2014ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi g\u1eedi th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p ICMP.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p ICMP ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t bao g\u1ed3m <em>y\u00eau c\u1ea7u<\/em> v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t <em>ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i<\/em>. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, khi b\u1ea1n <mark data-color=\"var(--qc-color2)\" style=\"background-color: var(--qc-color2); color: inherit;\">ping<br><\/mark> m\u1ed9t trang web, m\u00e1y t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n g\u1eedi y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ICMP Echo. N\u1ebfu m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u00edch kh\u1ea3 d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i, n\u00f3 s\u1ebd g\u1eedi l\u1ea1i th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p ICMP Echo Reply. S\u1ef1 trao \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n n\u00e0y x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u00e0 \u0111o th\u1eddi gian v\u00f2ng quay (round-trip time).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1200\" height=\"712\" src=\"https:\/\/resourceslp.szlogic.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/cc6501500c2b43fba6ecc64e6ac54336.webp\" alt=\"Internet Control Message Protocol\" class=\"wp-image-3879\" srcset=\"https:\/\/resourceslp.szlogic.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/cc6501500c2b43fba6ecc64e6ac54336.webp 1200w, https:\/\/resourceslp.szlogic.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/cc6501500c2b43fba6ecc64e6ac54336-300x178.webp 300w, https:\/\/resourceslp.szlogic.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/cc6501500c2b43fba6ecc64e6ac54336-1024x608.webp 1024w, https:\/\/resourceslp.szlogic.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/cc6501500c2b43fba6ecc64e6ac54336-768x456.webp 768w, https:\/\/resourceslp.szlogic.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/cc6501500c2b43fba6ecc64e6ac54336-18x12.webp 18w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1200px) 100vw, 1200px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" ><strong>\u2699\ufe0f C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p ICMP ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn v\u00e0 vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>ICMP<\/strong> c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p kh\u00e1c nhau, m\u1ed7i lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t m\u00e3 ri\u00eang \u0111\u1ec3 cung c\u1ea5p th\u00f4ng tin chi ti\u1ebft. D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 b\u1ea3ng t\u00f3m t\u1eaft nh\u1eefng lo\u1ea1i quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\">\n<table class=\"has-fixed-layout\">\n<colgroup><col style=\"min-width: 25px;\"\/><col style=\"min-width: 25px;\"\/><col style=\"min-width: 25px;\"\/><\/colgroup><tbody><tr><th colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p>Lo\u1ea1i ICMP<\/p><\/th><th colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p>T\u00ean<\/p><\/th><th colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p>Tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn<\/p><\/th><\/tr><tr><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p><strong>0<\/strong><\/p><\/td><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p>Ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i Echo<\/p><\/td><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p>Ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i y\u00eau c\u1ea7u Ping (Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u Echo).<\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p><strong>8<\/strong><\/p><\/td><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p>Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u Echo<\/p><\/td><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p>\u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng b\u1edfi l\u1ec7nh <mark data-color=\"var(--qc-color2)\" style=\"background-color: var(--qc-color2); color: inherit;\">ping<br><\/mark> \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m tra kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng truy c\u1eadp m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u00edch.<\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p><strong>3<\/strong><\/p><\/td><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p>\u0110\u00edch kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 truy c\u1eadp<\/p><\/td><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p>Cho bi\u1ebft m\u1ed9t g\u00f3i tin kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00edch. Ch\u1ee9a c\u00e1c m\u00e3 ch\u1ec9 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: m\u1ea1ng\/m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7\/giao th\u1ee9c kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 truy c\u1eadp).<\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p><strong>11<\/strong><\/p><\/td><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p>Th\u1eddi gian h\u1ebft h\u1ea1n<\/p><\/td><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p>\u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1eedi khi TTL (Th\u1eddi gian s\u1ed1ng) c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t g\u00f3i tin \u0111\u1ea1t gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb 0. R\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi l\u1ec7nh <mark data-color=\"var(--qc-color2)\" style=\"background-color: var(--qc-color2); color: inherit;\">traceroute<\/mark> .<\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p><strong>5<\/strong><\/p><\/td><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p>Chuy\u1ec3n h\u01b0\u1edbng<\/p><\/td><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p>H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn m\u1ed9t m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u1ed5ng k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i (gateway) t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n cho m\u1ed9t \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3.<\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p><strong>4<\/strong><\/p><\/td><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p>Gi\u1ea3m t\u1ed1c ngu\u1ed3n<\/p><\/td><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p>(G\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 l\u1ed7i th\u1eddi) \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi g\u1eedi gi\u1ea3m t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 truy\u1ec1n.<\/p><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Nh\u1eefng th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p n\u00e0y t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng cho c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n m\u1ea1ng thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, khi t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a l\u1ed9 tr\u00ecnh m\u1ea1ng cho c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ed9 tr\u1ec5 th\u1ea5p, c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 <mark data-color=\"var(--qc-color2)\" style=\"background-color: var(--qc-color2); color: inherit;\">traceroute<\/mark> (s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p lo\u1ea1i 11) \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m ngh\u1ebdn, \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o c\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd\u2014bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n then ch\u1ed1t t\u1eeb c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p nh\u01b0 <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/www.link-pp.com\/\"><strong>LINK-PP<\/strong><\/a>\u2014ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u1edf m\u1ee9c t\u1ed1i \u01b0u.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" ><strong>\u2699\ufe0f ICMP trong th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf: Ping v\u00e0 Traceroute<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">H\u00e3y c\u00f9ng ph\u00e2n t\u00edch hai ti\u1ec7n \u00edch ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean ICMP:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><p style=\"margin: 0px;\"><strong>Ping:<\/strong> \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n m\u1ea1ng \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n nh\u1ea5t. N\u00f3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p ICMP Echo Request (lo\u1ea1i 8) v\u00e0 Echo Reply (lo\u1ea1i 0) \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m tra xem m\u1ed9t m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 t\u1eeb xa c\u00f3 \u0111ang ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng hay kh\u00f4ng v\u00e0 \u0111o \u0111\u1ed9 tr\u1ec5 (th\u1eddi gian ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i) gi\u1eefa hai \u0111i\u1ec3m. M\u1ed9t l\u1ec7nh ping th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng l\u00e0 d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean cho th\u1ea5y k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i \u0111ang ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ed1t.<\/p><\/li><li><p style=\"margin: 0px;\"><strong>Traceroute (ho\u1eb7c Tracert tr\u00ean Windows):<\/strong> Ti\u1ec7n \u00edch th\u00f4ng minh n\u00e0y l\u1eadp b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 l\u1ed9 tr\u00ecnh m\u00e0 c\u00e1c g\u00f3i tin \u0111i qua \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00edch. N\u00f3 g\u1eedi c\u00e1c g\u00f3i tin v\u1edbi gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb TTL ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng t\u0103ng. M\u1ed7i b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ecbnh tuy\u1ebfn d\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ebd gi\u1ea3m gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb TTL \u0111i m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb v\u00e0 khi gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb n\u00e0y ch\u1ea1m 0, b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ecbnh tuy\u1ebfn \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd g\u1eedi l\u1ea1i th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p ICMP Time Exceeded (lo\u1ea1i 11) cho ngu\u1ed3n g\u1eedi. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch thu th\u1eadp c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p n\u00e0y t\u1eeb t\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1ea3y (hop), <mark data-color=\"var(--qc-color2)\" style=\"background-color: var(--qc-color2); color: inherit;\">traceroute<\/mark> x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u1ef1c quan v\u1ec1 l\u1ed9 tr\u00ecnh.<\/p><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ec3u c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 n\u00e0y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 ai qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd c\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng m\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm <strong>c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 cho c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed9 tr\u1ec5 m\u1ea1ng<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" ><strong>\u2699\ufe0f M\u1eb7t t\u1ed1i: ICMP v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 h\u1eefu \u00edch, <strong>ICMP<\/strong> c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb khai th\u00e1c cho c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch \u0111\u1ed9c h\u1ea1i. C\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn bao g\u1ed3m:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><p style=\"margin: 0px;\"><strong>L\u0169 ICMP (Ping Flood):<\/strong> M\u1ed9t d\u1ea1ng t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 (DoS), trong \u0111\u00f3 k\u1ebb t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng l\u00e0m qu\u00e1 t\u1ea3i m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn g\u00f3i tin ICMP Echo Request.<\/p><\/li><li><p style=\"margin: 0px;\"><strong>T\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng Smurf:<\/strong> M\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng khu\u1ebfch \u0111\u1ea1i, trong \u0111\u00f3 k\u1ebb t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng gi\u1ea3 m\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP ngu\u1ed3n v\u00e0 g\u1eedi c\u00e1c g\u00f3i ping ph\u00e1t s\u00f3ng, khi\u1ebfn t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 tr\u00ean m\u1ea1ng ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i n\u1ea1n nh\u00e2n, l\u00e0m ng\u1eadp l\u1ee5t n\u1ea1n nh\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng l\u01b0u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng truy c\u1eadp.<\/p><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Do nh\u1eefng r\u1ee7i ro n\u00e0y, nhi\u1ec1u t\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1eeda doanh nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1eb7n m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 lo\u1ea1i l\u01b0u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ICMP nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh. Tuy nhi\u00ean, vi\u1ec7c ch\u1eb7n to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 ICMP c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u201cl\u00e0m h\u1ecfng\u201d c\u00e1c ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng m\u1ea1ng h\u1eefu \u00edch v\u00e0 khi\u1ebfn c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1p <strong>vi\u1ec7c gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t m\u1ea1ng<\/strong> tr\u1edf n\u00ean kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n h\u01a1n. M\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng l\u00e0 ch\u00eca kh\u00f3a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\"><p style=\"margin: 0px;\"><strong>\ud83d\udca1 M\u1eb9o chuy\u00ean gia:<\/strong> Thay v\u00ec ch\u1eb7n to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 ICMP, h\u00e3y xem x\u00e9t gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 l\u01b0u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ICMP t\u1ea1i bi\u00ean m\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n nh\u1eb1m gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng ng\u1eadp l\u1ee5t trong khi v\u1eabn duy tr\u00ec kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" ><strong>\u2699\ufe0f Ng\u01b0\u1eddi anh h\u00f9ng th\u1ea7m l\u1eb7ng: C\u00e1ch c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 thu ph\u00e1t quang h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 ICMP \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 h\u1ecfi: ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng v\u1eadt l\u00fd li\u00ean quan g\u00ec \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t giao th\u1ee9c m\u1ea1ng? C\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi l\u00e0: m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9. C\u00e1c th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p ICMP, gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 l\u01b0u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1ea1ng, di chuy\u1ec3n d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng c\u00e1c xung \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng qua <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/resourceslp.szlogic.cn\/vi\/knowledge-center\/fiber-optic-cable-what-it-is-and-how-it-works-explained\/\"><strong>c\u00e1p quang<\/strong><\/a>. C\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u \u0111i\u1ec7n (t\u1eeb thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb m\u1ea1ng) th\u00e0nh t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng (cho c\u00e1p quang) v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/www.l-p.com\/store-25432-optics-transceivers-sfp-modules.htm\"><strong>b\u1ed9 thu ph\u00e1t quang<\/strong><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 tin c\u1eady c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 thu ph\u00e1t n\u00e0y \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00ednh to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n c\u1ee7a to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 giao ti\u1ebfp m\u1ea1ng, bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 ICMP. M\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 thu ph\u00e1t l\u1ed7i ho\u1eb7c ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1ea5p c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y ra l\u1ed7i, m\u1ea5t g\u00f3i v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 tr\u1ec5 t\u0103ng cao, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0m sai l\u1ec7ch k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 <mark data-color=\"var(--qc-color2)\" style=\"background-color: var(--qc-color2); color: inherit;\">ping<br><\/mark> and <mark data-color=\"var(--qc-color2)\" style=\"background-color: var(--qc-color2); color: inherit;\">traceroute<\/mark> c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0110\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng m\u1ea1ng v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc, vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 thu ph\u00e1t ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00edch l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, module quang <strong>LINK-PP <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/www.l-p.com\/products\/472118.htm\"><strong>module 100G QSFP28 LR4<\/strong><\/a> l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi cho m\u1ea1ng t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 cao <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/resourceslp.szlogic.cn\/vi\/knowledge-center\/data-center-interconnect-definition-benefits-and-role-of-optical-modules\/\"><strong>k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i trung t\u00e2m d\u1eef li\u1ec7u<\/strong><\/a>, cung c\u1ea5p kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch truy\u1ec1n l\u00ean t\u1edbi 10 km v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9 to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u xu\u1ea5t s\u1eafc. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o l\u1edbp v\u1eadt l\u00fd c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng t\u1eeb c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady nh\u01b0 <strong>B\u1ed9 thu ph\u00e1t LINK-PP<\/strong>, b\u1ea1n cam k\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c giao th\u1ee9c ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n nh\u01b0 ICMP c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c, cung c\u1ea5p b\u1ee9c tranh ch\u00e2n th\u1ef1c v\u1ec1 t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe m\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" ><strong>\u2699\ufe0f K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn: ICMP l\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 thi\u1ebfu<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>ICMP<\/strong> ICMP l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi canh g\u00e1c th\u1ea7m l\u1eb7ng, lu\u00f4n hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n trong giao ti\u1ebfp m\u1ea1ng. T\u1eeb vi\u1ec7c ki\u1ec3m tra k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p, ICMP cung c\u1ea5p ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec v\u00e0 kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 cho c\u00e1c m\u1ea1ng hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng, gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 trong vi\u1ec7c h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 <strong>qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd m\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd<\/strong> l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ph\u1ee7 nh\u1eadn.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 ICMP v\u00e0 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p n\u00f3 v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ng v\u1eadt l\u00fd hi\u1ec7u n\u0103ng cao\u2014bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 thu ph\u00e1t quang \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady\u2014b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng, qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd v\u00e0 t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a m\u1ed9t m\u1ea1ng nhanh h\u01a1n, b\u1ec1n b\u1ec9 h\u01a1n v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" ><strong>\u2699\ufe0f C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p (FAQ)<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" >M\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a ICMP l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">ICMP gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 b\u00e1o c\u00e1o c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 m\u1ea1ng. B\u1ea1n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng n\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng b\u00e1o l\u1ed7i v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m tra xem c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 giao ti\u1ebfp v\u1edbi nhau hay kh\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" >ICMP g\u1eedi nh\u1eefng lo\u1ea1i th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p n\u00e0o?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">ICMP g\u1eedi c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p l\u1ed7i v\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p th\u00f4ng tin. B\u1ea1n s\u1ebd th\u1ea5y c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p nh\u01b0 \u201c\u0110\u00edch kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 truy c\u1eadp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\u201d, \u201cTh\u1eddi gian h\u1ebft h\u1ea1n\u201d v\u00e0 \u201cPh\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i Echo\u201d khi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 m\u1ea1ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" >Nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 n\u00e0o s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ICMP \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m tra m\u1ea1ng?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">B\u1ea1n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 ping v\u00e0 traceroute. Ping ki\u1ec3m tra xem m\u1ed9t thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb c\u00f3 \u0111ang tr\u1ef1c tuy\u1ebfn hay kh\u00f4ng. Traceroute hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i m\u00e0 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n di chuy\u1ec3n qua m\u1ea1ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" >Nh\u1eefng r\u1ee7i ro n\u00e0o \u0111i k\u00e8m v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c cho ph\u00e9p l\u01b0u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ICMP?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">K\u1ebb t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ICMP cho c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng nh\u01b0 DDoS ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ec3 \u1ea9n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. B\u1ea1n gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u r\u1ee7i ro b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch ch\u1eb7n c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i ICMP kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft v\u00e0 theo d\u00f5i c\u00e1c l\u01b0u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Giao th\u1ee9c Tin Nh\u1eafn \u0110i\u1ec1u Khi\u1ec3n Internet (ICMP) gi\u00fap ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 m\u1ea1ng b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch g\u1eedi c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng b\u00e1o l\u1ed7i v\u00e0 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb nh\u1eb1m \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng tin \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":3878,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[27],"tags":[24,26],"class_list":["post-3880","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-glossary","tag-link-pp","tag-optics-transceivers"],"blocksy_meta":[],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/resourceslp.szlogic.cn\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3880","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/resourceslp.szlogic.cn\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/resourceslp.szlogic.cn\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/resourceslp.szlogic.cn\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/resourceslp.szlogic.cn\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3880"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/resourceslp.szlogic.cn\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3880\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":11335,"href":"https:\/\/resourceslp.szlogic.cn\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3880\/revisions\/11335"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/resourceslp.szlogic.cn\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/3878"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/resourceslp.szlogic.cn\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3880"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/resourceslp.szlogic.cn\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3880"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/resourceslp.szlogic.cn\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3880"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}