{"id":3584,"date":"2025-11-28T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2025-11-28T00:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/lp.szlogic.cn\/glossary\/pma-physical-medium-attachment-ethernet-explained\/"},"modified":"2026-06-22T04:35:39","modified_gmt":"2026-06-22T04:35:39","slug":"pma-physical-medium-attachment-ethernet-explained","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/resourceslp.szlogic.cn\/vi\/glossary\/pma-physical-medium-attachment-ethernet-explained","title":{"rendered":"T\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u l\u1edbp PMA (G\u1eafn k\u1ebft m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u1eadt l\u00fd)"},"content":{"rendered":"<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-large\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"608\" src=\"https:\/\/resourceslp.szlogic.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/f069071da15c4bf48583fce260f4b0df-1024x608.webp\" alt=\"Understanding the PMA (Physical Medium Attachment) Layer\" class=\"wp-image-3579\" srcset=\"https:\/\/resourceslp.szlogic.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/f069071da15c4bf48583fce260f4b0df-1024x608.webp 1024w, https:\/\/resourceslp.szlogic.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/f069071da15c4bf48583fce260f4b0df-300x178.webp 300w, https:\/\/resourceslp.szlogic.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/f069071da15c4bf48583fce260f4b0df-768x456.webp 768w, https:\/\/resourceslp.szlogic.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/f069071da15c4bf48583fce260f4b0df-18x12.webp 18w, https:\/\/resourceslp.szlogic.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/f069071da15c4bf48583fce260f4b0df.webp 1200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The <strong>G\u1eafn k\u1ebft M\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng V\u1eadt l\u00fd (PMA)<\/strong> l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u1ea7ng con then ch\u1ed1t trong Ethernet <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/resourceslp.szlogic.cn\/vi\/glossary\/what-is-phy-physical-layer-basics-explained\/\"><strong>T\u1ea7ng V\u1eadt l\u00fd (PHY)<\/strong><\/a>, ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng gi\u1eefa t\u1ea7ng <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/resourceslp.szlogic.cn\/vi\/glossary\/pcs-physical-coding-sublayer-ethernet-explained\/\"><strong>Ti\u1ec3u l\u1edbp m\u00e3 h\u00f3a v\u1eadt l\u00fd (Physical Coding Sublayer \u2013 PCS)<\/strong><\/a> v\u00e0 <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/resourceslp.szlogic.cn\/vi\/glossary\/what-is-physical-medium-dependent-pmd\/\"><strong>Ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n v\u1eadt l\u00fd (PMD)<\/strong><\/a> Khi t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u t\u0103ng l\u00ean 10G, 25G, 100G v\u00e0 cao h\u01a1n, PMA \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf n\u00ean thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 vi\u1ec7c tu\u1ea7n t\u1ef1 h\u00f3a t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 cao, \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9 th\u1eddi gian ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c v\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh qua m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u00e0 quang.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Trong ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac Ethernet IEEE 802.3, PMA l\u00e0 c\u1ea7u n\u1ed1i chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00e1c kh\u1ed1i PCS c\u00f3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac th\u00e0nh lu\u1ed3ng bit tu\u1ea7n t\u1ef1 t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 cao, ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ec3 truy\u1ec1n qua b\u1ed9 thu ph\u00e1t quang, c\u00e1c k\u00eanh \u0111i\u1ec7n ho\u1eb7c k\u00eanh backplane.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u27a1\ufe0f T\u1ea7ng PMA trong Ethernet l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The <strong>PMA<\/strong> th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9 th\u1eddi gian mang t\u00ednh then ch\u1ed1t, cho ph\u00e9p d\u1eef li\u1ec7u t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 cao di chuy\u1ec3n qua m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u1eadt l\u00fd. N\u00f3 bao g\u1ed3m <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/resourceslp.szlogic.cn\/vi\/glossary\/serdes-interfaces-high-speed-data-transfer-and-signal-integrity\/\"><strong>SerDes (B\u1ed9 tu\u1ea7n t\u1ef1 h\u00f3a\/B\u1ed9 gi\u1ea3i tu\u1ea7n t\u1ef1) <\/strong><\/a><strong>logic<\/strong>, <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/resourceslp.szlogic.cn\/vi\/glossary\/clock-and-data-recovery-in-modern-communication-systems\/\"><strong>CDR (Kh\u00f4i ph\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u1ed3 v\u00e0 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u)<\/strong><\/a> m\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd k\u00eanh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i:<br>\ud83d\udc49 <strong>PCS chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. PMA tu\u1ea7n t\u1ef1 h\u00f3a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u00f3. PMD g\u1eedi d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0o s\u1ee3i quang ho\u1eb7c d\u00e2y \u0111\u1ed3ng.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">PMA \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u \u0111i v\u00e0o m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 s\u1ea1ch, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9 v\u00e0 nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n tr\u00ean nhi\u1ec1u k\u00eanh t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 cao.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u27a1\ufe0f C\u00e1c ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i c\u1ee7a PMA<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Tu\u1ea7n t\u1ef1 h\u00f3a v\u00e0 Gi\u1ea3i tu\u1ea7n t\u1ef1 (SerDes)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">M\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng vai tr\u00f2 ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a PMA l\u00e0 <strong>chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u song song t\u1eeb PCS th\u00e0nh lu\u1ed3ng bit tu\u1ea7n t\u1ef1 t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 cao<\/strong>, v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><p><strong>\u0110\u01b0\u1eddng truy\u1ec1n TX:<\/strong> Song song nhi\u1ec1u bit \u2192 lu\u1ed3ng bit tu\u1ea7n t\u1ef1 \u0111\u01a1n<\/p><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><p><strong>\u0110\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u1eadn RX:<\/strong> Lu\u1ed3ng bit tu\u1ea7n t\u1ef1 \u2192 song song nhi\u1ec1u bit<\/p><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng n\u00e0y h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 c\u00e1c bi\u1ebfn th\u1ec3 Ethernet t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 cao nh\u01b0:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><p><strong>10GBASE-R (t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng truy\u1ec1n 10,3125 Gb\/s)<\/strong><\/p><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><p><strong>25GBASE-R (25,78125 Gb\/s)<\/strong><\/p><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><p><strong>100GBASE-R (4 k\u00eanh 25G)<\/strong><\/p><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/resourceslp.szlogic.cn\/vi\/glossary\/serdes-interfaces-high-speed-data-transfer-and-signal-integrity\/\">SerDes<\/a> \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 l\u1ed7i bit (BER) v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh li\u00ean k\u1ebft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Kh\u00f4i ph\u1ee5c xung nh\u1ecbp &amp; \u0110\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9 \u1edf m\u1ee9c bit<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">PMA ch\u1ee9a c\u00e1c kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/resourceslp.szlogic.cn\/vi\/glossary\/clock-and-data-recovery-in-modern-communication-systems\/\"><strong>Kh\u00f4i ph\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u1ed3 v\u00e0 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u (CDR)<\/strong><\/a> tr\u00edch xu\u1ea5t th\u00f4ng tin th\u1eddi gian t\u1eeb lu\u1ed3ng bit \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o. CDR \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><p>L\u1ea5y m\u1eabu m\u1ed7i bit m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c<\/p><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><p>B\u00f9 tr\u1eeb \u0111\u1ed9 rung (jitter) tr\u00ean li\u00ean k\u1ebft<\/p><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><p>\u0110\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh ngay c\u1ea3 tr\u00ean c\u00e1c k\u00eanh d\u00e0i ho\u1eb7c nhi\u1ec5u<\/p><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Trong c\u00e1c li\u00ean k\u1ebft quang hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i, hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t CDR l\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u00ednh \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/resourceslp.szlogic.cn\/vi\/glossary\/understanding-what-is-bit-error-rate\/\"><strong>BER<\/strong><\/a>, <strong>c\u1ef1c th\u1ea5p<\/strong>, and <strong>\u0111\u1ed9 to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1200\" height=\"565\" src=\"https:\/\/resourceslp.szlogic.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/239b12b64a4b4af38618b96be24bd85b.webp\" alt=\"Clock and Data Recovery (CDR)\" class=\"wp-image-3580\" srcset=\"https:\/\/resourceslp.szlogic.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/239b12b64a4b4af38618b96be24bd85b.webp 1200w, https:\/\/resourceslp.szlogic.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/239b12b64a4b4af38618b96be24bd85b-300x141.webp 300w, https:\/\/resourceslp.szlogic.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/239b12b64a4b4af38618b96be24bd85b-1024x482.webp 1024w, https:\/\/resourceslp.szlogic.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/239b12b64a4b4af38618b96be24bd85b-768x362.webp 768w, https:\/\/resourceslp.szlogic.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/239b12b64a4b4af38618b96be24bd85b-18x8.webp 18w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1200px) 100vw, 1200px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">M\u00e3 h\u00f3a ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean (Scrambling) v\u00e0 Gi\u1ea3i m\u00e3 ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean (Descrambling)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">PMA th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n m\u00e3 h\u00f3a ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean nh\u1eb1m:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><p>Gi\u1ea3m nhi\u1ec5u \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eeb (EMI)<\/p><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><p>Lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf c\u00e1c chu\u1ed7i bit l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i d\u00e0i<\/p><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><p>C\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n t\u00ednh ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 kh\u00f4i ph\u1ee5c xung nh\u1ecbp<\/p><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><p>\u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng DC<\/p><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Vi\u1ec7c m\u00e3 h\u00f3a ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng song song v\u1edbi m\u00e3 h\u00f3a PCS (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: 64B\/66B) nh\u1eb1m duy tr\u00ec h\u1ed3 s\u01a1 truy\u1ec1n d\u1eabn b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Nh\u00e2n gh\u00e9p k\u00eanh v\u00e0 T\u00e1ch k\u00eanh<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">C\u00e1c giao di\u1ec7n Ethernet \u0111a k\u00eanh (40GBASE-R, 100GBASE-R) y\u00eau c\u1ea7u qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd k\u00eanh nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><p>Ph\u00e2n b\u1ed5 k\u00eanh (TX)<\/p><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><p>Hi\u1ec7u ch\u1ec9nh \u0111\u1ed9 tr\u1ec5 k\u00eanh (RX)<\/p><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><p>C\u0103n ch\u1ec9nh d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean d\u1ea5u \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u (do PCS x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh nh\u01b0ng PMA h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3)<\/p><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">PMA gi\u1eef cho c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng song song \u0111a k\u00eanh lu\u00f4n \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9, ngay c\u1ea3 khi m\u1ed7i k\u00eanh ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u1ed9 tr\u1ec5 kh\u00e1c nhau tr\u00ean s\u1ee3i quang ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c v\u1ec7t m\u1ea1ch in (PCB).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u27a1\ufe0f So s\u00e1nh PMA \u2013 PCS \u2013 PMD \u2014 S\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c t\u1ea7ng<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">T\u1ed5ng quan so s\u00e1nh<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\">\n<table class=\"has-fixed-layout\">\n<colgroup><col style=\"width: 183px;\"\/><col style=\"min-width: 25px;\"\/><\/colgroup><tbody><tr><th colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\" colwidth=\"183\"><p>L\u1edbp<\/p><\/th><th colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p>Ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng<\/p><\/th><\/tr><tr><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\" colwidth=\"183\"><p><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/resourceslp.szlogic.cn\/vi\/glossary\/pcs-physical-coding-sublayer-ethernet-explained\/\"><strong>PCS<\/strong><\/a><\/p><\/td><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p>M\u00e3 h\u00f3a (64B\/66B), c\u0103n ch\u1ec9nh, kh\u1ed1i \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n<\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\" colwidth=\"183\"><p><strong>PMA<\/strong><\/p><\/td><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p>Tu\u1ea7n t\u1ef1 h\u00f3a, gi\u1ea3i tu\u1ea7n t\u1ef1, kh\u00f4i ph\u1ee5c xung nh\u1ecbp<\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\" colwidth=\"183\"><p><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/resourceslp.szlogic.cn\/vi\/glossary\/what-is-physical-medium-dependent-pmd\/\"><strong>PMD<\/strong><\/a><\/p><\/td><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p>T\u00edn hi\u1ec7u laser\/quang h\u1ecdc\/\u0111i\u1ec7n v\u00e0 giao di\u1ec7n v\u1edbi m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng<\/p><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00ecnh dung nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>MAC \u2192 PCS \u2192 PMA \u2192 PMD \u2192 M\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">M\u1ed7i t\u1ea7ng x\u1eed l\u00fd d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng g\u1ea7n h\u01a1n v\u1edbi m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u1eadt l\u00fd th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"608\" src=\"https:\/\/resourceslp.szlogic.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/fd912e80cbfc4eda826d7f976493739f-1024x608.webp\" alt=\"MAC \u2192 PCS \u2192 PMA \u2192 PMD \u2192 Medium\" class=\"wp-image-3581\" srcset=\"https:\/\/resourceslp.szlogic.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/fd912e80cbfc4eda826d7f976493739f-1024x608.webp 1024w, https:\/\/resourceslp.szlogic.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/fd912e80cbfc4eda826d7f976493739f-300x178.webp 300w, https:\/\/resourceslp.szlogic.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/fd912e80cbfc4eda826d7f976493739f-768x456.webp 768w, https:\/\/resourceslp.szlogic.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/fd912e80cbfc4eda826d7f976493739f-18x12.webp 18w, https:\/\/resourceslp.szlogic.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/fd912e80cbfc4eda826d7f976493739f.webp 1200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u27a1\ufe0f Vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a PMA trong c\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n Ethernet t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 cao<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u25b7 PMA trong 10GBASE-R<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><p>SerDes hi\u1ec7u n\u0103ng cao \u1edf t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 10,3125 Gb\/s<\/p><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><p>CDR \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u1ef1ng \u0111\u1ed9 rung t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 cao<\/p><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u25b7 PMA trong 25GBASE-R &amp; 50G PAM4<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><p>SerDes 25G tr\u00ean m\u1ed7i k\u00eanh<\/p><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><p>T\u00edch h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi FEC cho \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf PAM4<\/p><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u25b7 PMA trong Ethernet 40G\/100G<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><p>Ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac 4 k\u00eanh ho\u1eb7c 10 k\u00eanh<\/p><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><p>Hi\u1ec7u ch\u1ec9nh \u0111\u1ed9 tr\u1ec5 k\u00eanh v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9 \u0111a k\u00eanh x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/p><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u25b7 PMA trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng PAM4 200G\/400G<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 PCS \u0111\u1ea3m nhi\u1ec7m vi\u1ec7c m\u00e3 h\u00f3a, PMA qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><p>C\u00e1c k\u00eanh SerDes 26G ho\u1eb7c 53G<\/p><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><p>Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ed9 rung (jitter) nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t cho t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u PAM4<\/p><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u27a1\ufe0f V\u00ec sao t\u1ea7ng PMA l\u1ea1i quan tr\u1ecdng trong b\u1ed9 thu ph\u00e1t quang (optical transceivers)<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/www.l-p.com\/store-25432-optics-transceivers-sfp-modules.htm\">b\u1ed9 thu ph\u00e1t quang<\/a> ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u v\u00e0o ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng PMA v\u00ec:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">N\u00f3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0110\u1ed9 nguy\u00ean v\u1eb9n t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">SerDes t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 cao v\u00e0 CDR quy \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 s\u1ea1ch c\u1ee7a t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u khi \u0111i v\u00e0o m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">N\u00f3 gi\u1ea3m t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 l\u1ed7i<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t PMA t\u1ed1t gi\u00fap gi\u1ea3m T\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 l\u1ed7i bit (BER) tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/resourceslp.szlogic.cn\/vi\/glossary\/fec-forward-error-correction-in-optical-communication\/\">S\u1eeda l\u1ed7i ti\u1ebfn (FEC)<\/a> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">N\u00f3 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 c\u00e1c module s\u1ee3i quang \u0111a k\u00eanh<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">C\u00e1c module nh\u01b0 <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/www.l-p.com\/products\/491483.htm\">QSFP+<\/a>, <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/www.l-p.com\/products\/488452.htm\">QSFP28<br><\/a>, or <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/www.l-p.com\/products\/473139.htm\">QSFP56<\/a> ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng nh\u00e2n gh\u00e9p\/t\u00e1ch k\u00eanh c\u1ee7a PMA.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">4. <strong> <\/strong>N\u00f3 cho ph\u00e9p t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 cao<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Logic PMA \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00edch gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c switch, router, card m\u1ea1ng (NIC) v\u00e0 module quang.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">B\u1ed9 thu ph\u00e1t quang LINK-PP v\u00e0 PHY Ethernet d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean PMA<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1200\" height=\"712\" src=\"https:\/\/resourceslp.szlogic.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/4a29bf0b7ff24fca9f281bdfe1471fd2.webp\" alt=\"LINK-PP Optical Transceivers\" class=\"wp-image-3582\" srcset=\"https:\/\/resourceslp.szlogic.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/4a29bf0b7ff24fca9f281bdfe1471fd2.webp 1200w, https:\/\/resourceslp.szlogic.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/4a29bf0b7ff24fca9f281bdfe1471fd2-300x178.webp 300w, https:\/\/resourceslp.szlogic.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/4a29bf0b7ff24fca9f281bdfe1471fd2-1024x608.webp 1024w, https:\/\/resourceslp.szlogic.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/4a29bf0b7ff24fca9f281bdfe1471fd2-768x456.webp 768w, https:\/\/resourceslp.szlogic.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/4a29bf0b7ff24fca9f281bdfe1471fd2-18x12.webp 18w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1200px) 100vw, 1200px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">LINK-PP cung c\u1ea5p to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 danh m\u1ee5c <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/www.l-p.com\/store-25432-optics-transceivers-sfp-modules.htm\">b\u1ed9 thu ph\u00e1t quang<\/a> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00f9ng c\u00e1c PHY Ethernet t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 cao d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean PMA v\u00e0 PCS:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.l-p.com\/store-26192-10g-sfp.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"\"><strong>SFP+ 10G<\/strong> b\u1ed9 thu ph\u00e1t<\/a><\/p><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.l-p.com\/store-26225-25g-sfp28.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"\"><strong>SFP28 25G<\/strong> m\u00f4-\u0111un<\/a><\/p><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.l-p.com\/store-26153-40g-qsfp.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"\"><strong>QSFP+ 40G<\/strong> gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p quang h\u1ecdc<\/a><\/p><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.l-p.com\/store-27045-100g-qsfp28-sfp-dd.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"\"><strong>100G QSFP28<\/strong> b\u1ed9 thu ph\u00e1t<\/a><\/p><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><p><strong>Module nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p cho m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u1eafc nghi\u1ec7t<\/strong><\/p><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">C\u00e1c b\u1ed9 thu ph\u00e1t n\u00e0y cung c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 rung th\u1ea5p, \u0111\u1ed9 nguy\u00ean v\u1eb9n t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u xu\u1ea5t s\u1eafc v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c PMA tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-css-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">MTTR<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The <strong>G\u1eafn k\u1ebft M\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng V\u1eadt l\u00fd (PMA)<\/strong> l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a t\u1ea7ng v\u1eadt l\u00fd Ethernet. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch x\u1eed l\u00fd tu\u1ea7n t\u1ef1 h\u00f3a, kh\u00f4i ph\u1ee5c xung nh\u1ecbp, m\u00e3 h\u00f3a ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9 k\u00eanh, PMA \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o d\u1eef li\u1ec7u Ethernet t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 cao \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy\u1ec1n \u0111i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch s\u1ea1ch s\u1ebd v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady qua m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u00e0 quang.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 PMA gi\u00fap k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh, l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 thu ph\u00e1t t\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00edch v\u00e0 duy tr\u00ec hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t li\u00ean k\u1ebft cao trong c\u00e1c trung t\u00e2m d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, m\u1ea1ng vi\u1ec5n th\u00f4ng v\u00e0 tri\u1ec3n khai Ethernet c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>T\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u PMA (G\u1eafn k\u1ebft m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u1eadt l\u00fd) l\u00e0 g\u00ec, c\u00e1ch n\u00f3 x\u1eed l\u00fd tu\u1ea7n t\u1ef1 h\u00f3a v\u00e0 kh\u00f4i ph\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u1ed3, v\u00e0 l\u00fd do v\u00ec sao n\u00f3 thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 thu ph\u00e1t quang t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 cao hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":3583,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[27],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3584","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-glossary"],"blocksy_meta":[],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/resourceslp.szlogic.cn\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3584","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/resourceslp.szlogic.cn\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/resourceslp.szlogic.cn\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/resourceslp.szlogic.cn\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/resourceslp.szlogic.cn\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3584"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/resourceslp.szlogic.cn\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3584\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":10827,"href":"https:\/\/resourceslp.szlogic.cn\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3584\/revisions\/10827"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/resourceslp.szlogic.cn\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/3583"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/resourceslp.szlogic.cn\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3584"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/resourceslp.szlogic.cn\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3584"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/resourceslp.szlogic.cn\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3584"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}