{"id":4930,"date":"2025-09-23T11:12:00","date_gmt":"2025-09-23T11:12:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/lp.szlogic.cn\/glossary\/what-is-artificial-intelligence-ai\/"},"modified":"2026-06-22T06:46:28","modified_gmt":"2026-06-22T06:46:28","slug":"what-is-artificial-intelligence-ai","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/resourceslp.szlogic.cn\/fr\/glossary\/what-is-artificial-intelligence-ai","title":{"rendered":"Intelligence artificielle (IA) en 2025 : Fondements, m\u00e9canismes et applications"},"content":{"rendered":"<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-large\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1200\" height=\"712\" src=\"https:\/\/resourceslp.szlogic.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/762d33370824435b836bf6d64dc1b1f3.webp\" alt=\"What is Artificial Intelligence (AI)?\" class=\"wp-image-4926\" srcset=\"https:\/\/resourceslp.szlogic.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/762d33370824435b836bf6d64dc1b1f3.webp 1200w, https:\/\/resourceslp.szlogic.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/762d33370824435b836bf6d64dc1b1f3-300x178.webp 300w, https:\/\/resourceslp.szlogic.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/762d33370824435b836bf6d64dc1b1f3-1024x608.webp 1024w, https:\/\/resourceslp.szlogic.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/762d33370824435b836bf6d64dc1b1f3-768x456.webp 768w, https:\/\/resourceslp.szlogic.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/762d33370824435b836bf6d64dc1b1f3-18x12.webp 18w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1200px) 100vw, 1200px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" ><strong>1\ufe0f\u20e3 Introduction<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">L\u2019intelligence artificielle (IA) a rapidement \u00e9volu\u00e9 d\u2019un domaine de recherche acad\u00e9mique vers une <strong>solution fondamentale permettant de faire fonctionner les infrastructures industrielles<\/strong>, couvrant les domaines de la sant\u00e9, des r\u00e9seaux, des t\u00e9l\u00e9communications et de l\u2019optique. Pour les ing\u00e9nieurs, les acheteurs techniques et les d\u00e9cideurs d\u2019entreprise, comprendre ce qu\u2019est l\u2019IA, son fonctionnement, ses classifications et son orientation pour 2025 est essentiel afin de prendre des d\u00e9cisions pertinentes en mati\u00e8re d\u2019architecture, de produits et d\u2019approvisionnement. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" ><strong>2\ufe0f\u20e3 Qu\u2019est-ce que l\u2019intelligence artificielle (IA) ?<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" >Translate these terms consistently throughout.<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">L\u2019intelligence artificielle (IA) d\u00e9signe <strong>des syst\u00e8mes bas\u00e9s sur des machines<\/strong> qui accomplissent des t\u00e2ches n\u00e9cessitant une intelligence semblable \u00e0 celle de l\u2019humain, telles que l\u2019apprentissage \u00e0 partir de donn\u00e9es, le raisonnement, la perception, la planification et la compr\u00e9hension du langage.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><p><strong>ISO\/CEI<br><\/strong>: Les syst\u00e8mes d\u2019IA sont con\u00e7us pour accomplir des t\u00e2ches n\u00e9cessitant habituellement une intelligence humaine, rendues possibles par des algorithmes, des donn\u00e9es et des ressources informatiques.<\/p><\/li><li><p><strong>NASA<br><\/strong>: L\u2019IA englobe des syst\u00e8mes capables de s\u2019adapter \u00e0 des circonstances impr\u00e9visibles et d\u2019apprendre \u00e0 partir de l\u2019exp\u00e9rience.<\/p><\/li><li><p><strong>NIST<br><\/strong>: L\u2019IA est \u201c un syst\u00e8me bas\u00e9 sur des machines qui, pour atteindre des objectifs donn\u00e9s, formule des pr\u00e9dictions, des recommandations ou des d\u00e9cisions influen\u00e7ant des environnements r\u00e9els ou virtuels \u201d.\u201d<\/p><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" >Fondements techniques cl\u00e9s<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><p><strong>Donn\u00e9es et algorithmes<\/strong> \u2013 Des motifs sont extraits de grands ensembles de donn\u00e9es \u00e0 l\u2019aide d\u2019algorithmes destin\u00e9s \u00e0 la pr\u00e9diction et \u00e0 la prise de d\u00e9cision.<\/p><\/li><li><p><strong>Apprentissage automatique (AA)<\/strong> \u2013 Les syst\u00e8mes am\u00e9liorent leurs performances gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 l\u2019exp\u00e9rience (apprentissage supervis\u00e9, non supervis\u00e9 et par renforcement).<\/p><\/li><li><p><strong>Apprentissage profond<\/strong> \u2013 R\u00e9seaux de neurones comportant plusieurs couches, efficaces pour les t\u00e2ches li\u00e9es \u00e0 la vision, \u00e0 la parole et au langage.<\/p><\/li><li><p><strong>Intelligence \u00e9troite, g\u00e9n\u00e9rale et superintelligente<\/strong> \u2013 L\u2019IA actuelle est principalement une \u201c IA \u00e9troite \u201d, sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9e dans des t\u00e2ches sp\u00e9cifiques ; l\u2019AGI (intelligence g\u00e9n\u00e9rale artificielle) et la superintelligence restent th\u00e9oriques.<\/p><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" ><strong>3\ufe0f\u20e3 Comment fonctionne l\u2019IA ?<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1536\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/resourceslp.szlogic.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/27a9558e3f4c446d9b23300dea618b6c.png\" alt=\"How AI Works\" class=\"wp-image-4927\" srcset=\"https:\/\/resourceslp.szlogic.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/27a9558e3f4c446d9b23300dea618b6c.png 1536w, https:\/\/resourceslp.szlogic.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/27a9558e3f4c446d9b23300dea618b6c-300x200.png 300w, https:\/\/resourceslp.szlogic.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/27a9558e3f4c446d9b23300dea618b6c-1024x683.png 1024w, https:\/\/resourceslp.szlogic.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/27a9558e3f4c446d9b23300dea618b6c-768x512.png 768w, https:\/\/resourceslp.szlogic.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/27a9558e3f4c446d9b23300dea618b6c-18x12.png 18w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1536px) 100vw, 1536px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" >Pipeline de donn\u00e9es et entra\u00eenement<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\" >\n<li><p><strong>Collecte et pr\u00e9traitement des donn\u00e9es<\/strong><\/p><\/li><li><p><strong>Ing\u00e9nierie des caract\u00e9ristiques<\/strong><\/p><\/li><li><p><strong>Entra\u00eenement<\/strong> \u2013 Apprentissage supervis\u00e9, non supervis\u00e9 et par renforcement<\/p><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" >Mod\u00e8les et architectures<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><p>R\u00e9seaux de neurones convolutifs (RNC)<\/p><\/li><li><p>R\u00e9seaux de neurones r\u00e9currents (RNR)<\/p><\/li><li><p>Transformateurs<br><\/p><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" >\u00c9valuation et fiabilit\u00e9<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><p>M\u00e9triques : exactitude, pr\u00e9cision, rappel, F1, ROC-AUC<\/p><\/li><li><p>Consid\u00e9rations cl\u00e9s : robustesse, explicabilit\u00e9, \u00e9quit\u00e9<\/p><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" ><strong>4\ufe0f\u20e3 Types d\u2019IA et cas d\u2019usage<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1200\" height=\"712\" src=\"https:\/\/resourceslp.szlogic.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/a06fe7485faf4174a3a66aee92c584af.webp\" alt=\" Types of AI\" class=\"wp-image-4928\" srcset=\"https:\/\/resourceslp.szlogic.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/a06fe7485faf4174a3a66aee92c584af.webp 1200w, https:\/\/resourceslp.szlogic.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/a06fe7485faf4174a3a66aee92c584af-300x178.webp 300w, https:\/\/resourceslp.szlogic.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/a06fe7485faf4174a3a66aee92c584af-1024x608.webp 1024w, https:\/\/resourceslp.szlogic.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/a06fe7485faf4174a3a66aee92c584af-768x456.webp 768w, https:\/\/resourceslp.szlogic.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/a06fe7485faf4174a3a66aee92c584af-18x12.webp 18w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1200px) 100vw, 1200px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" >Par capacit\u00e9<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><p><strong>Machines r\u00e9actives<\/strong><\/p><\/li><li><p><strong>Syst\u00e8mes \u00e0 m\u00e9moire limit\u00e9e<\/strong><\/p><\/li><li><p><strong>IA th\u00e9orie de l\u2019esprit (phase de recherche)<\/strong><\/p><\/li><li><p><strong>IA auto-consciente (hypoth\u00e9tique)<\/strong><\/p><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" >Applications industrielles<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><p><strong>Traitement du langage naturel<\/strong> \u2013 Chatbots, traduction<\/p><\/li><li><p><strong>Vision par ordinateur<\/strong> \u2013 D\u00e9tection d\u2019objets, analyse vid\u00e9o<\/p><\/li><li><p><strong>Technologies vocales<\/strong> \u2013 Reconnaissance et synth\u00e8se vocale<\/p><\/li><li><p><strong>Analytique pr\u00e9dictive<\/strong> \u2013 Pr\u00e9vision de la demande, mod\u00e9lisation financi\u00e8re<\/p><\/li><li><p><strong>Syst\u00e8mes autonomes<\/strong> \u2013 Robotique, v\u00e9hicules autonomes<\/p><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" >IA dans les r\u00e9seaux et l\u2019optique<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><p><strong>Pr\u00e9diction et optimisation du trafic<\/strong><\/p><\/li><li><p><strong>D\u00e9tection d\u2019anomalies mat\u00e9rielles<\/strong><\/p><\/li><li><p><strong>Surveillance de la qualit\u00e9 de service (QoS) des r\u00e9seaux optiques<\/strong><\/p><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" ><strong>5\ufe0f\u20e3 Tendances pour 2025 et au-del\u00e0<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" >IA g\u00e9n\u00e9rative et syst\u00e8mes agents<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Agents IA de nouvelle g\u00e9n\u00e9ration capables de <strong>planifier, d\u00e9cider et agir<\/strong> avec une autonomie partielle.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" >IA responsable<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><p>\u00c9thique, \u00e9quit\u00e9, gouvernance, transparence<\/p><\/li><li><p>Audit des biais<\/p><\/li><li><p>R\u00e9glementation croissante \u00e0 travers les r\u00e9gions<\/p><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" >IA dans le mat\u00e9riel et l\u2019efficacit\u00e9<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><p>Co\u00fbts inf\u00e9rieurs d\u2019inf\u00e9rence<\/p><\/li><li><p>D\u00e9ploiement de l\u2019IA embarqu\u00e9e (Edge AI)<\/p><\/li><li><p>Puces acc\u00e9l\u00e9ratrices d\u2019IA<\/p><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" >IA embarqu\u00e9e et industrielle<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><p>Prise de d\u00e9cision en temps r\u00e9el dans <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/resourceslp.szlogic.cn\/fr\/knowledge-center\/iot-internet-of-things-definition-and-real-world-examples\/\">IoT<\/a> et la fabrication<\/p><\/li><li><p>Maintenance pr\u00e9dictive pilot\u00e9e par l\u2019IA dans les r\u00e9seaux<\/p><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" >6\ufe0f\u20e3<br> <strong>Intelligence artificielle dans les r\u00e9seaux optiques : consid\u00e9rations pratiques<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Pour les professionnels des r\u00e9seaux optiques et du <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/www.l-p.com\/store-25432-optics-transceivers-sfp-modules.htm\">\u00e9metteur-r\u00e9cepteur<\/a> mat\u00e9riel :<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><p>L\u2019IA peut <strong>pr\u00e9dire les pannes mat\u00e9rielles<\/strong> (par exemple, anomalies des modules SFP).<\/p><\/li><li><p>L\u2019IA am\u00e9liore <strong>la surveillance des performances r\u00e9seau<\/strong>.<\/p><\/li><li><p>Les donn\u00e9es de t\u00e9l\u00e9m\u00e9trie provenant des \u00e9metteurs-r\u00e9cepteurs peuvent alimenter des syst\u00e8mes d\u2019optimisation pilot\u00e9s par l\u2019IA.<\/p><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" >7\ufe0f\u20e3 <strong>Conclusion<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">L\u2019intelligence artificielle n\u2019est plus abstraite \u2014 elle est d\u00e9sormais <strong>int\u00e9gr\u00e9e dans les infrastructures techniques<\/strong>. Pour les d\u00e9cideurs, l\u2019enjeu ne consiste pas seulement \u00e0 choisir les bons mod\u00e8les d\u2019IA, mais aussi \u00e0 garantir leur <strong>int\u00e9gration avec le mat\u00e9riel et les op\u00e9rations existants<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\ud83d\udc49 Si vous \u00e9valuez <strong>des \u00e9quipements de r\u00e9seaux optiques tels que <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/www.l-p.com\/store-25432-optics-transceivers-sfp-modules.htm\"><strong>Modules SFP<\/strong><\/a>, v\u00e9rifiez si votre mat\u00e9riel r\u00e9seau est capable de g\u00e9n\u00e9rer <strong>des donn\u00e9es de t\u00e9l\u00e9m\u00e9trie adapt\u00e9es aux analyses pilot\u00e9es par l\u2019IA<\/strong>. Cette capacit\u00e9 d\u00e9termine dans quelle mesure votre infrastructure peut b\u00e9n\u00e9ficier de la surveillance et de l\u2019optimisation bas\u00e9es sur l\u2019IA.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Learn what Artificial Intelligence (AI) really means\u2014definitions, types (narrow, general, superintelligence), workings, and 2025-trends. Essential read for engineers &#038; decision makers.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":4929,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[27],"tags":[26],"class_list":["post-4930","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-glossary","tag-optics-transceivers"],"blocksy_meta":[],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/resourceslp.szlogic.cn\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4930","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/resourceslp.szlogic.cn\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/resourceslp.szlogic.cn\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/resourceslp.szlogic.cn\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/resourceslp.szlogic.cn\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4930"}],"version-history":[{"count":10,"href":"https:\/\/resourceslp.szlogic.cn\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4930\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":11081,"href":"https:\/\/resourceslp.szlogic.cn\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4930\/revisions\/11081"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/resourceslp.szlogic.cn\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/4929"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/resourceslp.szlogic.cn\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4930"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/resourceslp.szlogic.cn\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4930"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/resourceslp.szlogic.cn\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4930"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}