{"id":5813,"date":"2025-07-11T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2025-07-11T00:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/lp.szlogic.cn\/knowledge-center\/what-is-the-difference-between-nrz-and-pam4\/"},"modified":"2026-06-22T09:06:48","modified_gmt":"2026-06-22T09:06:48","slug":"what-is-the-difference-between-nrz-and-pam4","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/resourceslp.szlogic.cn\/ar\/knowledge-center\/what-is-the-difference-between-nrz-and-pam4","title":{"rendered":"\u0661. NRZ \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 PAM4: \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0647\u0631\u064a\u0629"},"content":{"rendered":"<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-large\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1200\" height=\"712\" src=\"https:\/\/resourceslp.szlogic.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/05091a803b6a4dbdbdb66f8a4b45136c.webp\" alt=\"What is the difference between NRZ and PAM4?\" class=\"wp-image-5807\" srcset=\"https:\/\/resourceslp.szlogic.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/05091a803b6a4dbdbdb66f8a4b45136c.webp 1200w, https:\/\/resourceslp.szlogic.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/05091a803b6a4dbdbdb66f8a4b45136c-300x178.webp 300w, https:\/\/resourceslp.szlogic.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/05091a803b6a4dbdbdb66f8a4b45136c-1024x608.webp 1024w, https:\/\/resourceslp.szlogic.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/05091a803b6a4dbdbdb66f8a4b45136c-768x456.webp 768w, https:\/\/resourceslp.szlogic.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/05091a803b6a4dbdbdb66f8a4b45136c-18x12.webp 18w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1200px) 100vw, 1200px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" ><strong>\u0661. \u27a4 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 PAM4 \u0648NRZ<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0662. \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0636\u0645\u064a\u0646 PAM4 \u0648NRZ \u0644\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\">\n<table class=\"has-fixed-layout\">\n<colgroup><col style=\"min-width: 25px;\"\/><col style=\"min-width: 25px;\"\/><col style=\"min-width: 25px;\"\/><\/colgroup><tbody><tr><th colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p><strong>\u0661\u0668.\u200f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0629<\/strong><\/p><\/th><th colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p><strong>\u0663. NRZ (\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u0631)<\/strong><\/p><\/th><th colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p><strong>\u0668.\u200f PAM4 (\u062a\u0636\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0636\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639\u0629)<\/strong><\/p><\/th><\/tr><tr><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p><strong>\u0661\u0666. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a<\/strong><\/p><\/td><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p>\u0664. \u0662 (\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0627\u064b: \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636=\u0660\u060c \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639=\u0661)<\/p><\/td><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p>\u0665. \u0664 (\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0627\u064b: L0=\u0660\u0660\u060c L1=\u0660\u0661\u060c L2=\u0661\u0660\u060c L3=\u0661\u0661)<\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062a\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0631\u0645\u0632<\/strong><\/p><\/td><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p>1<\/p><\/td><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p>2<\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p><strong>\u0666. \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a<\/strong><\/p><\/td><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p>\u0667. \u0623\u0642\u0644 (\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a = \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0645\u0632)<\/p><\/td><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p>\u0668. \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 (\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a = \u0662 \u00d7 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0645\u0632)<\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p><strong>\u0669. \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0645\u0632 (\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u062f) \u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0648\u064d<\/strong><\/p><\/td><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p>\u0661\u0660. \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 (\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0627\u064b: \u0665\u0666 \u062c\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0648\u062f \u0644\u0640 \u0665\u0666 \u062c\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u062a\/\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629)<\/p><\/td><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p>\u0662\u0662. \u0623\u0642\u0644 (\u0645\u062b\u0644: \u0662\u0668 \u062c\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0627\u0648\u062f \u0644\u0640 \u0665\u0666 \u062c\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u062a\/\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629)<\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p><strong>\u0661\u0661. \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0636\u0627\u0626\u064a<\/strong><\/p><\/td><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p>\u0661\u0662. \u0623\u0642\u0644 (\u0641\u062a\u062d\u0629 \u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631\u060c \u0647\u0627\u0645\u0634 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649)<\/p><\/td><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p>\u0661\u0663. \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 (\u0641\u062a\u062d\u0629 \u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0635\u063a\u0631\u060c \u0647\u0627\u0645\u0634 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u0642\u0644)<\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p><strong>\u0661\u0664. \u062a\u0639\u0642\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630<\/strong><\/p><\/td><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p>\u0663\u0664. \u0623\u0642\u0644<\/p><\/td><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p>\u0661\u0665. \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 (\u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a DSP\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d \u0623\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0642\u0648\u064a FEC)<\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p><strong>\u0661\u0666. \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c\u064a \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0628\u062a<\/strong><\/p><\/td><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p>\u0661\u0667. \u0623\u0642\u0644 (\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u0627\u0636\u062c\u0629)<\/p><\/td><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p>\u0661\u0668. \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 (\u0639\u0628\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0642\u064a\u062f)<\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p><strong>\u0661\u0669. \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629<\/strong><\/p><\/td><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p>\u0662\u0660. \u2264 \u0662\u0665 \u062c\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u062a\/\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0642\u0646\u0627\u0629 (\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0627\u064b: \u0661\u0660 \u062c\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u062a\u060c \u0662\u0665 \u062c\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u062a SFP+)<\/p><\/td><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p>\u0662\u0661. \u2265 \u0665\u0660 \u062c\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u062a\/\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0642\u0646\u0627\u0629 (\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0627\u064b: \u0661\u0660\u0660 \u062c\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u062a\u060c \u0662\u0660\u0660 \u062c\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u062a\u060c \u0664\u0660\u0660 \u062c\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u062a\u060c \u0668\u0660\u0660 \u062c\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u062a)<\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p><strong>\u0665. \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/p><\/td><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p>\u0662\u0662. \u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0661\u0660 \u062c\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u062a\/\u0662\u0665 \u062c\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u062a \u0648\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0642\u0635\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0649<\/p><\/td><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p>\u0662\u0663. \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 (\u0661\u0660\u0660 \u062c\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u062a \u0641\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u0648\u0642)\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 HPC\u060c \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0637\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\/\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064f\u0651\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645\u064a\/\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0637 \u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0645\u0633<\/p><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0662\u0664. \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0643 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0632\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062f \u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0631\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649. <strong>\u0662\u0665. PAM4 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 NRZ<\/strong> \u0662\u0666. \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 PAM4 \u062a\u0631\u0633\u0644 \u0628\u062a\u064e\u0651\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644 \u0631\u0645\u0632\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0631\u0633\u0644 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 NRZ \u0628\u062a\u064b\u0651\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644 \u0631\u0645\u0632. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0636\u0627\u0639\u0641 \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0625\u064a\u062b\u0631\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a\u060c \u062a\u0643\u062a\u0633\u0628 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 PAM4 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 NRZ \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629\u064b \u0644\u0623\u0646 PAM4 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062c\u0647\u062f\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 NRZ \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u0642\u0637. \u0648\u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0632\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0627\u062a\u060c \u064a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u062a\u0636\u0645\u064a\u0646 PAM4 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0633\u0631\u0639 \u0648\u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" ><strong>\u0661\u0660. \u27a4 \u0623\u0628\u0631\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0629<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><p><strong>\u0661\u0662. PAM4<\/strong> \u0662\u0667. \u062a\u0631\u0633\u0644 \u0628\u062a\u064e\u0651\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644 \u0631\u0645\u0632. \u0648\u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062c\u0647\u062f. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0633\u0631\u0639 \u0628\u0645\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 NRZ. \u0623\u0645\u0627 NRZ \u0641\u062a\u0631\u0633\u0644 \u0628\u062a\u064b\u0651\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644 \u0631\u0645\u0632\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u062c\u0647\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u0642\u0637.<\/p><\/li><li><p><strong>\u0668. NRZ<\/strong> \u0662\u0668. \u062a\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0642\u0648\u0649. \u0648\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0636\u0648\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0643 \u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0623\u0642\u0644. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0633\u0647\u0644. \u0648\u0647\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0637\u0623.<\/p><\/li><li><p>\u0662\u0669. \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 PAM4 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u064a\u0631\u0629. \u0648\u062a\u064f\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u064a\u062b\u0631\u0646\u062a \u0664\u0660\u0660 \u062c\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u062a \u0648\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a. \u0648\u062a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d \u0623\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0643 \u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631.<\/p><\/li><li><p>\u0663\u0660. \u062a\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 PAM4 \u0623\u0648 NRZ \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u0628\u0643\u062a\u0643. \u0648\u0641\u0643\u0650\u0651\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/p><\/li><li><p>\u0663\u0661. \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0643\u0644\u064d\u0651 \u0645\u0646 PAM4 \u0648NRZ \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629. \u0641\u0647\u0648 \u064a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/p><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" ><strong>\u0663\u0662. \u27a4 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0636\u0645\u064a\u0646<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" >\u0663\u0663. \u0645\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 NRZ\u061f<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1200\" height=\"486\" src=\"https:\/\/resourceslp.szlogic.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/ce3795470145420dba9b9d02e500e6f1.webp\" alt=\"NRZ encoding\" class=\"wp-image-5808\" srcset=\"https:\/\/resourceslp.szlogic.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/ce3795470145420dba9b9d02e500e6f1.webp 1200w, https:\/\/resourceslp.szlogic.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/ce3795470145420dba9b9d02e500e6f1-300x122.webp 300w, https:\/\/resourceslp.szlogic.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/ce3795470145420dba9b9d02e500e6f1-1024x415.webp 1024w, https:\/\/resourceslp.szlogic.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/ce3795470145420dba9b9d02e500e6f1-768x311.webp 768w, https:\/\/resourceslp.szlogic.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/ce3795470145420dba9b9d02e500e6f1-18x7.webp 18w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1200px) 100vw, 1200px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/resourceslp.szlogic.cn\/ar\/glossary\/understanding-non-return-to-zero-in-digital-communication\/\"><strong>\u0668. NRZ<\/strong><\/a> \u0661. \u0647\u064a \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a. \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0641 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0640 <strong>\u0662. \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u0631<\/strong>. \u0663. . \u0648\u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u062c\u0647\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629. \u0641\u0640\u2018\u0661\u2019 \u062a\u0645\u062b\u0650\u0651\u0644 \u062c\u0647\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0648\u2018\u0660\u2019 \u062a\u0645\u062b\u0650\u0651\u0644 \u062c\u0647\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u064b\u0627. \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u0631 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062a\u064e\u0651\u0627\u062a. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0647\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0647\u0645. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 NRZ \u0623\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0628\u060c \u062a\u0645\u062b\u0650\u0651\u0644 \u2018\u0661\u2019 \u062c\u0647\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0645\u062b\u0650\u0651\u0644 \u2018\u0660\u2019 \u0635\u0641\u0631 \u0641\u0648\u0644\u062a. \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 NRZ \u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0628\u060c \u0641\u062a\u062a\u063a\u064a\u064e\u0651\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0628. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><p style=\"margin: 0px 0px 4px;\"><strong>\u0664. \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u0646:<\/strong> \u0665. \u0648\u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0645\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u062f (\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a) \u0623\u0648 \u0634\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0621 (\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0626\u064a).<\/p><ul><li><p style=\"margin: 0px;\">\u0666. \u0648\u064a\u0645\u062b\u0650\u0651\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u2018\u0661\u2019.<\/p><\/li><li><p style=\"margin: 0px;\">\u0667. \u0648\u064a\u0645\u062b\u0650\u0651\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u2018\u0660\u2019.<\/p><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><p style=\"margin: 0px;\"><strong>\u0668. \u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0628\u0633\u064a\u0637:<\/strong> \u0669. \u0648\u064a\u064f\u0631\u0633\u0644 \u0643\u0644 \u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0631\u0645\u0632 \u0625\u0645\u0627 \u2018\u0661\u2019 \u0623\u0648 \u2018\u0660\u2019. \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u201c\u0635\u0641\u0631\u201d \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062a\u064e\u0651\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0627 (\u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0633\u0645 \u201c\u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u0631\u201d).<\/p><\/li><li><p style=\"margin: 0px;\"><strong>\u0663\u0669. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u0627\u064a\u0627:<\/strong> \u0661\u0660. \u0648\u0628\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0628\u0633\u0627\u0637\u062a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 NRZ \u0642\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u064a\u064b\u0651\u0627 \u0648\u0633\u0647\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0643 \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u062a\u0639\u0642\u064a\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a. \u0648\u0647\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0632\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629.<\/p><\/li><li><p style=\"margin: 0px;\"><strong>\u0661\u0662. \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0648\u062f:<\/strong> \u0661\u0661. \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0635\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u062f\u064d\u0651 \u0623\u0642\u0635\u0649. \u0641\u0644\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0639\u0641\u060c \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0645\u0636\u0627\u0639\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0645\u0648\u0632 (\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0648\u062f). \u0648\u0645\u0636\u0627\u0639\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0648\u062f \u062a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062f\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0641\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0646\u0627\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0643\u060c \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 ~\u0662\u0665\u2013\u0662\u0668 \u062c\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0627\u0648\u062f \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0642\u0646\u0627\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0629.<\/p><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" >\u0661\u0662. \u0645\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 PAM4\u061f<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1200\" height=\"516\" src=\"https:\/\/resourceslp.szlogic.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/8766e10c7cab415784322b28ebf4f58b.webp\" alt=\"PAM4 encoding\" class=\"wp-image-5809\" srcset=\"https:\/\/resourceslp.szlogic.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/8766e10c7cab415784322b28ebf4f58b.webp 1200w, https:\/\/resourceslp.szlogic.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/8766e10c7cab415784322b28ebf4f58b-300x129.webp 300w, https:\/\/resourceslp.szlogic.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/8766e10c7cab415784322b28ebf4f58b-1024x440.webp 1024w, https:\/\/resourceslp.szlogic.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/8766e10c7cab415784322b28ebf4f58b-768x330.webp 768w, https:\/\/resourceslp.szlogic.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/8766e10c7cab415784322b28ebf4f58b-18x8.webp 18w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1200px) 100vw, 1200px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/resourceslp.szlogic.cn\/ar\/glossary\/what-is-pam4-four-level-pulse-amplitude-modulation-basics\/\"><strong>\u0661\u0662. PAM4<\/strong><\/a> \u0661\u0663. \u0647\u064a \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644 \u0643\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0641\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629. \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0641 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0640 <strong>\u0661\u0664. \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0636\u064a \u0630\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a<\/strong>. \u0661\u0665. . \u0648\u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062c\u0647\u062f \u0644\u062a\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0644 \u0628\u062a\u064e\u0651\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644 \u0631\u0645\u0632. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0628\u0625\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644 \u0636\u0639\u0641 \u0643\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u064f\u0631\u0633\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 NRZ \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647. \u0648PAM4 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0633\u0650\u0651\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f\u064a. \u0648\u0643\u0644 \u0631\u0645\u0632 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 PAM4 \u064a\u0645\u062b\u0650\u0651\u0644 \u0632\u0648\u062c\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062a\u064e\u0651\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644: \u0660\u0660 \u0623\u0648 \u0660\u0661 \u0623\u0648 \u0661\u0660 \u0623\u0648 \u0661\u0661. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644 \u0643\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0646\u0627\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><p style=\"margin: 0px;\"><strong>\u0661\u0666. \u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a:<\/strong> \u0661\u0667. \u0648\u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 PAM4 <em>\u0661\u0668. \u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639\u0629<\/em> \u0661\u0669. \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0645\u064a\u064e\u0651\u0632\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u062f \u0623\u0648 \u0634\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0621.<\/p><\/li><li><p style=\"margin: 0px 0px 4px;\"><strong>\u0662\u0660. \u0628\u062a\u064e\u0651\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0631\u0645\u0632:<\/strong> \u0662\u0661. \u0648\u064a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0643\u0644 \u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0631\u0645\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646 <em>\u0662\u0662. \u0628\u062a\u064e\u0651\u064a\u0646<\/em> \u0662\u0663. \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a:<\/p><ul><li><p style=\"margin: 0px;\">\u0662\u0664. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0660: \u2019\u0660\u0660\u2019<\/p><\/li><li><p style=\"margin: 0px;\">\u0662\u0665. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0661: \u2019\u0660\u0661\u2019<\/p><\/li><li><p style=\"margin: 0px;\">\u0662\u0666. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0662: \u2019\u0661\u0660\u2019<\/p><\/li><li><p style=\"margin: 0px;\">\u0662\u0667. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0663: \u2019\u0661\u0661\u2019<\/p><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><p style=\"margin: 0px;\"><strong>\u0662\u0668. \u0645\u0636\u0627\u0639\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629:<\/strong> \u0662\u0669. \u0648\u0628\u0625\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u062a\u064e\u0651\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0631\u0645\u0632\u060c \u062a\u062d\u0642\u0650\u0651\u0642 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 PAM4 \u0636\u0639\u0641 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642\u0647 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 NRZ <em>\u0663\u0660. \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0648\u062f<\/em>. \u0661. \u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 PAM4 \u0628\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0662\u0668 \u062c\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0648\u062f \u062a\u064f\u0633\u064e\u0644\u0650\u0651\u0645 \u0665\u0666 \u062c\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 (Gbps) \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u064f\u0633\u064e\u0644\u0650\u0651\u0645 NRZ \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0662\u0668 \u062c\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629.<\/p><\/li><li><p style=\"margin: 0px 0px 4px;\"><strong>\u0663\u0660. \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a:<\/strong> \u0662. \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u062a\u0623\u062a\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628:<\/p><ul><li><p style=\"margin: 0px;\"><strong>\u0663. \u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0636\u0627\u0621 (SNR):<\/strong> \u0664. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u0642\u0631\u0628 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0639\u0636\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629\u064b \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a NRZ. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0639\u064f\u0631\u0636\u0629\u064b \u0644\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0648\u064a\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u062e\u0644\u0627\u062a. \u0648\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0647\u0627\u0645\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u063a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062b \u0623\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0621.<\/p><\/li><li><p style=\"margin: 0px;\"><strong>\u0661\u0663. \u062a\u0639\u0642\u064a\u062f \u0645\u062a\u0632\u0627\u064a\u062f:<\/strong> \u0665. \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 PAM4 \u062a\u0635\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0645\u064e \u0645\u0631\u0633\u0644\/\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062a\u0639\u0642\u064a\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062f\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0631 <strong>\u0662\u0666. \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0621 (FEC)<\/strong>, \u0662\u0663. \u0645\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/resourceslp.szlogic.cn\/ar\/glossary\/%d9%88%d8%b8%d8%a7%d8%a6%d9%81-%d9%85%d8%b9%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ac-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a5%d8%b4%d8%a7%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b1%d9%82%d9%85%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d9%81%d9%8a-%d8%a3%d8%ac%d9%87%d8%b2%d8%a9\/\"><strong>\u0664. \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 (DSP)<\/strong><\/a>, \u0666.\u200f\u060c \u0648\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u064b\u0651\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u0631\u0633\u0650\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0650\u0644\u0629. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645 \u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0643 \u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0628\u062a \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629\u064b \u0628\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0645 NRZ \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0636\u062c\u0629.<\/p><\/li><\/ul><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\"><p>\u0667. \u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0629: \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 PAM4 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062c\u0647\u062f \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631\u060c \u0644\u0630\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0635\u063a\u0631. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a PAM4 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0639\u064f\u0631\u0636\u0629\u064b \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629\u064b \u0628\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a NRZ.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" >\u0668. \u0644\u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/resourceslp.szlogic.cn\/ar\/what-is-optical-modulation-and-how-it-works-explained\/\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0636\u0645\u064a\u0646<\/strong><\/a> \u0669. \u064a\u064f\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0644\u0625\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0643 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u064a\u063a\u064a\u0651\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u062a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0631 \u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0629. \u0648\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0645\u064f\u0639\u062f\u0650\u0651\u0644 \u0645\u0627\u062a\u0634-\u0632\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0631\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629. \u0648\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0636\u0629 (PAM) \u0648\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u062a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" ><strong>\u0661\u0660. \u27a4 \u0645\u062e\u0637\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" >\u0661\u0661. \u0645\u062e\u0637\u0637 \u0639\u064a\u0646 NRZ<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1200\" height=\"659\" src=\"https:\/\/resourceslp.szlogic.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/e1f1ed087d5b4594a6e4af41382f1e6e.webp\" alt=\"\u0661\u0663. \u0645\u062e\u0637\u0637 \u0639\u064a\u0646 NRZ\" class=\"wp-image-5810\" srcset=\"https:\/\/resourceslp.szlogic.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/e1f1ed087d5b4594a6e4af41382f1e6e.webp 1200w, https:\/\/resourceslp.szlogic.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/e1f1ed087d5b4594a6e4af41382f1e6e-300x165.webp 300w, https:\/\/resourceslp.szlogic.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/e1f1ed087d5b4594a6e4af41382f1e6e-1024x562.webp 1024w, https:\/\/resourceslp.szlogic.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/e1f1ed087d5b4594a6e4af41382f1e6e-768x422.webp 768w, https:\/\/resourceslp.szlogic.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/e1f1ed087d5b4594a6e4af41382f1e6e-18x10.webp 18w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1200px) 100vw, 1200px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0661\u0662. \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 <strong>\u0661\u0663. \u0645\u062e\u0637\u0637 \u0639\u064a\u0646 NRZ<\/strong>, \u0661\u0664.\u200f\u060c \u062a\u0631\u0649 \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629. \u0641\u062a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0647\u062f: \u0623\u062d\u062f\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u0641\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0651\u0646 \u0634\u0643\u0644 \u201c\u0639\u064a\u0646\u201d \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0637\u0637. \u0648\u062a\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0642\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u064f\u0631\u0636\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0628\u0633\u0647\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0636\u0627\u0621.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><p>\u0661\u0665. \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0643 \u0631\u0624\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u064a \u062c\u0647\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0644\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0647\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f.<\/p><\/li><li><p>\u0661\u0666. \u0627\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0639 \u0641\u062a\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0642\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627.<\/p><\/li><li><p>\u0661\u0667. \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645\u0646 \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0621.<\/p><\/li><li><p>\u0661\u0668. \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629.<\/p><\/li><li><p>\u0661\u0669. \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u064a\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0645\u0627 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u062a\u0634\u0648\u064a\u0634 \u0632\u0645\u0646\u064a (jitter) \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0645\u0648\u0632 (ISI).<\/p><\/li><li><p>\u0662\u0660. \u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0628\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0642\u0644\u0651\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0633\u0647\u0644 \u0636\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645\u0646.<\/p><\/li><li><p>\u0662\u0661. \u0648\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0635\u063a\u064f\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0641\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u062a\u064f\u0636\u0639\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629.<\/p><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0661. \u0645\u062e\u0637\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646 NRZ \u0628\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u062a\u0639\u0642\u064a\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u062b\u0644 PAM4. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644 NRZ \u0623\u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0648\u0623\u0633\u0647\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0631\u063a\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a\u0643.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" >\u0663\u0663. \u0631\u0633\u0645 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0645\u0664<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1200\" height=\"602\" src=\"https:\/\/resourceslp.szlogic.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/c1f23795d5d84753b9dee268ead913e6.webp\" alt=\" \u0662. \u0645\u062e\u0637\u0637 \u0639\u064a\u0646 PAM4\" class=\"wp-image-5811\" srcset=\"https:\/\/resourceslp.szlogic.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/c1f23795d5d84753b9dee268ead913e6.webp 1200w, https:\/\/resourceslp.szlogic.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/c1f23795d5d84753b9dee268ead913e6-300x151.webp 300w, https:\/\/resourceslp.szlogic.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/c1f23795d5d84753b9dee268ead913e6-1024x514.webp 1024w, https:\/\/resourceslp.szlogic.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/c1f23795d5d84753b9dee268ead913e6-768x385.webp 768w, https:\/\/resourceslp.szlogic.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/c1f23795d5d84753b9dee268ead913e6-18x9.webp 18w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1200px) 100vw, 1200px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0663\u0669. \u0625\u0646\u064e\u0651 <strong>\u0662. \u0645\u062e\u0637\u0637 \u0639\u064a\u0646 PAM4<\/strong> \u0663. \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0647\u0648 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 \u0645\u062e\u0637\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646 NRZ. \u0641\u062a\u0631\u0649 \u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0628\u062f\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u0642\u0637. \u0648\u064a\u0645\u062b\u0651\u0644 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0632\u0648\u062c\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062a\u064e\u0651\u064a\u0646. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u064b\u0651\u0627\u060c \u0644\u0630\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0635\u063a\u0631 \u0648\u062a\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0628 \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0628\u0639\u0636\u0647\u0627. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 PAM4 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0639\u064f\u0631\u0636\u0629\u064b \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0636\u0627\u0621.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0664. \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0643 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u063a\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a PAM4 \u062a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0637\u064a\u0639 \u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0643\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0636\u0627\u0621. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0635\u0639\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0641\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0641\u064a. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u062a\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0628\u0639\u0636\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0632\u0627\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0621. \u0648\u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u0636\u0648\u062d \u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 PAM4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0665. \u0648\u0639\u0646\u062f \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0645\u0627\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 NRZ \u064a\u0648\u0641\u0651\u0631 \u0645\u062e\u0637\u0637 \u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0641 \u0648\u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631. \u0623\u0645\u0627 PAM4 \u0641\u064a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0628\u0625\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644 \u0643\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0643 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u062f\u0639\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u064a\u064b\u0651\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0621.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" ><strong>\u0666. \u27a4 \u0623\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u0641\u0648\u0651\u0642 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0645\u0627\u061f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u064a<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><p style=\"margin: 0px;\"><strong>\u0662\u0664. NRZ:<\/strong> \u0667. \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0632\u0627\u0644 NRZ \u064a\u0647\u064a\u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0633\u0627\u062d\u0642 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0633\u0627\u0637\u0629 \u0648\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0648\u0649 \u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u2264 \u0662\u0665 \u062c\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u062a\/\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0642\u0646\u0627\u0629. \u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u064a\u062b\u0631\u0646\u062a \u0628\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0661\u0660 \u062c\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u062a (\u0661\u0660GbE)\u060c \u0648\u0625\u064a\u062b\u0631\u0646\u062a \u0628\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0662\u0665 \u062c\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u062a (\u0662\u0665GbE) \u0641\u064a \u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0648\u0627\u062f\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0629. \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/www.l-p.com\/store-25432-optics-transceivers-sfp-modules.htm\"><strong>\u0667. \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062e\u0646<\/strong><\/a> \u0668. \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0645\u062b\u0644 <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/www.l-p.com\/store-26192-10g-sfp.htm\"><strong>\u0666\u0661. SFP+<\/strong><\/a> \u0669. (\u0661\u0660G\/\u0662\u0665G) \u0648 <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/www.l-p.com\/store-27045-100g-qsfp28-sfp-dd.htm\"><strong>\u0664\u0664. QSFP28<\/strong><\/a> \u0661\u0660. (\u0664\u00d7\u0662\u0665G=\u0661\u0660\u0660G) \u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 NRZ.<\/p><\/li><li><p style=\"margin: 0px 0px 4px;\"><strong>\u0662\u0666. PAM4:<\/strong> \u0661\u0661. \u0623\u0645\u0627 PAM4 \u0641\u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0637\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0665\u0660 \u062c\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u062a\/\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0642\u0646\u0627\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f\u0647\u0627. \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u064a:<\/p><ul><li><p style=\"margin: 0px;\">\u0661\u0662. \u0625\u064a\u062b\u0631\u0646\u062a \u0628\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0661\u0660\u0660 \u062c\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u062a (\u0661\u0660\u0660GbE \u2013 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0642\u0646\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0665\u0660 \u062c\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u062a PAM4)<\/p><\/li><li><p style=\"margin: 0px;\">\u0661\u0663. \u0625\u064a\u062b\u0631\u0646\u062a \u0628\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0662\u0660\u0660 \u062c\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u062a (\u0662\u0660\u0660GbE \u2013 \u0664\u00d7\u0665\u0660G PAM4)<\/p><\/li><li><p style=\"margin: 0px;\">\u0661\u0664. \u0625\u064a\u062b\u0631\u0646\u062a \u0628\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0664\u0660\u0660 \u062c\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u062a (\u0664\u0660\u0660GbE \u2013 \u0668\u00d7\u0665\u0660G PAM4 \u0623\u0648 \u0664\u00d7\u0661\u0660\u0660G PAM4)<\/p><\/li><li><p style=\"margin: 0px;\">\u0661\u0665. \u0625\u064a\u062b\u0631\u0646\u062a \u0628\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0668\u0660\u0660 \u062c\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u062a (\u0668\u0660\u0660GbE \u2013 \u0668\u00d7\u0661\u0660\u0660G PAM4)<\/p><\/li><li><p style=\"margin: 0px;\">\u0661\u0666. \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0637\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\/\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0651\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a (AI\/ML) \u0648\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 (HPC).<\/p><\/li><\/ul><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" ><strong>\u0661\u0667. \u27a4 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u064a\u0646 PAM4 \u0648NRZ<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0661\u0668. \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0643 \u0628\u064a\u0646 PAM4 \u0648NRZ\u060c \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0623\u062e\u0630 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0645. \u0644\u0630\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0643 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0633\u0628 \u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a\u0643 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0634\u0628\u0643\u062a\u0643 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0661\u0669. \u0648\u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u064a \u0623\u0628\u0631\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><p><strong>\u0662\u0660. \u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629<\/strong>\u0661.\u200f: \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0634\u0628\u0643\u062a\u0643 \u0628\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u0627\u0626\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0664\u0660\u0660 \u062c\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u062a\/\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631\u060c \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 PAM4 \u0625\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644 \u0636\u0639\u0641 \u0643\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629. \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 NRZ \u0641\u0647\u064a \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0637\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/p><\/li><li><p><strong>\u0662\u0669.\u200f \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629<\/strong>\u0662.\u200f: \u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 NRZ \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u062c\u0647\u062f\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0644\u0630\u0627 \u0641\u0647\u064a \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629\u064b \u0644\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0636\u0627\u0621. \u0648\u0628\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062a\u062d\u0635\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0648\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0648\u0636\u062d. \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 PAM4 \u0641\u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0644\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631. \u0648\u0633\u062a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 PAM4.<\/p><\/li><li><p><strong>\u0663.\u200f: \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629<\/strong>\u0664.\u200f: \u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 NRZ \u0628\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0642\u0644 \u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629\u064b. \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 PAM4 \u0641\u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649. \u0641\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0646\u062a \u062a\u0631\u063a\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0633\u0627\u0637\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 NRZ \u062e\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064c \u0630\u0643\u064a.<\/p><\/li><li><p><strong>\u0664. \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629<\/strong>\u0665.\u200f: \u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 NRZ \u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629\u064b \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0647\u062f \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u064a. \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 PAM4 \u0641\u062a\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0643 \u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629\u064b \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u0636\u0648\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629.<\/p><\/li><li><p><strong>\u0665\u0662. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0641\u0629<\/strong>\u0666.\u200f: \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 NRZ \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0646\u062a \u0628\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0629. \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 PAM4 \u0641\u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0633\u0628 \u0644\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u064a\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a.<\/p><\/li><li><p><strong>\u0667.\u200f: \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a<\/strong>\u0668.\u200f: \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0631\u063a\u0628\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0634\u0628\u0643\u062a\u0643 \u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 PAM4 \u0642\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629.<\/p><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0669.\u200f: \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0643 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\">\n<table class=\"has-fixed-layout\">\n<colgroup><col style=\"min-width: 25px;\"\/><col style=\"min-width: 25px;\"\/><col style=\"min-width: 25px;\"\/><\/colgroup><tbody><tr><th colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p>\u0662\u0666.\u200f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644<\/p><\/th><th colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p>\u0661\u0660.\u200f: \u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 NRZ<\/p><\/th><th colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p>\u0661\u0661.\u200f: \u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 PAM4<\/p><\/th><\/tr><tr><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p>\u0667. \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a<\/p><\/td><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p>\u0661\u0662.\u200f: \u0628\u062a \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0633\u0627\u0639\u0629<\/p><\/td><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p>\u0661\u0663.\u200f: \u0628\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0633\u0627\u0639\u0629 (\u0636\u0639\u0641 \u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f\u064a)<\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p>\u0661\u0664.\u200f: \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0636\u0627\u0621<\/p><\/td><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p>\u0661\u0665.\u200f: \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0642\u0644 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629\u064b \u0644\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0636\u0627\u0621<\/p><\/td><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p>\u0661\u0666.\u200f: \u0623\u0642\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629\u064b \u0644\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0636\u0627\u0621<\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/resourceslp.szlogic.cn\/ar\/glossary\/understanding-what-is-bit-error-rate\/\"><strong>\u0661\u0667.\u200f: \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u062e\u0637\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062a (BER)<\/strong><\/a><\/p><\/td><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p>\u0663\u0664. \u0623\u0642\u0644<\/p><\/td><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p>\u0661\u0668.\u200f: \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649\u060c \u0648\u064a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d \u0623\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0621<\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p>\u0661\u0669.\u200f: \u062a\u0639\u0642\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629<\/p><\/td><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p>\u0662\u0660.\u200f: \u0628\u0633\u064a\u0637\u060c \u0648\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629<\/p><\/td><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p>\u0662\u0661.\u200f: \u0645\u0639\u0642\u062f\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641\u0647 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649<\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p>\u0663\u0666. \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629<\/p><\/td><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p>\u0663\u0664. \u0623\u0642\u0644<\/p><\/td><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p>\u0663\u0664. \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649<\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p>\u0662\u0663. \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644<\/p><\/td><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p>\u0661\u0668. \u0623\u0637\u0648\u0644<\/p><\/td><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p>\u0662\u0662.\u200f: \u0623\u0642\u0635\u0631<\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p>\u0663\u0669.\u200f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639<\/p><\/td><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p>\u0662\u0663.\u200f: \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/p><\/td><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p>\u0662\u0664.\u200f: \u062c\u0627\u0647\u0632 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/p><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\"><p>\ud83d\udca1 <strong>\u0669. \u0646\u0635\u064a\u062d\u0629:<\/strong> \u0662\u0665.\u200f: \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0631 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 NRZ \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0631\u063a\u0628\u062a \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0644\u064d \u0628\u0633\u064a\u0637\u064d \u0648\u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0637\u0623 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0629. \u0648\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0631 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 PAM4 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u062c\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0633\u0631\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0631\u063a\u0628\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0634\u0628\u0643\u062a\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" ><strong>\u0662\u0666.\u200f: \u27a4 \u0645\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0626\u064a\u0629 LINK-PP: \u062a\u064f\u0642\u062f\u0650\u0651\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u062a\u064a NRZ \u0648PAM4<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1200\" height=\"675\" src=\"https:\/\/resourceslp.szlogic.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/99c1c5c4a1e24fe7ab4c7a9236a91630.webp\" alt=\"\u0664\u0660. LINK-PP\" class=\"wp-image-5812\" srcset=\"https:\/\/resourceslp.szlogic.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/99c1c5c4a1e24fe7ab4c7a9236a91630.webp 1200w, https:\/\/resourceslp.szlogic.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/99c1c5c4a1e24fe7ab4c7a9236a91630-300x169.webp 300w, https:\/\/resourceslp.szlogic.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/99c1c5c4a1e24fe7ab4c7a9236a91630-1024x576.webp 1024w, https:\/\/resourceslp.szlogic.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/99c1c5c4a1e24fe7ab4c7a9236a91630-768x432.webp 768w, https:\/\/resourceslp.szlogic.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/99c1c5c4a1e24fe7ab4c7a9236a91630-18x10.webp 18w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1200px) 100vw, 1200px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0661\u0665. \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 <strong>\u0667. \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062e\u0646<\/strong> \u0662\u0667.\u200f: \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064c \u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629. <strong>\u0664\u0660. LINK-PP<\/strong> \u0662\u0668.\u200f: \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0650\u0651\u0645 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0643\u0644\u064b\u0651\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 NRZ \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0636\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 PAM4:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><p style=\"margin: 0px;\"><strong>\u0662\u0669.\u200f: \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 NRZ:<\/strong> \u0663\u0660.\u200f: \u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 <strong>\u0667. \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062e\u0646<\/strong> \u0663\u0661.\u200f: \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0646\u0627 <strong>\u0662\u0663. LINK-PP SFP-25G-SR <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/www.l-p.com\/products\/473141.htm\"><strong>\u0665\u0660. LS-MM8525-S1C<\/strong><\/a> \u0662.\u200f \u0623\u0648 <strong>\u0666. \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 LINK-PP QSFP28-100G-SR4<\/strong> <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/www.l-p.com\/products\/473115.htm\"><strong>\u0665.\u200f LQ-M85100-SR4C<\/strong><\/a> \u0663\u0662.\u200f: \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0650\u0651\u0645 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0642\u0648\u064a\u064b\u0651\u0627 \u0628\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0662\u0665 \u062c\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u062a\/\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0642\u0646\u0627\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 NRZ \u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0661\u0660 \u062c\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u062a\/\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0662\u0665 \u062c\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u062a\/\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0661\u0660\u0660 \u062c\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u062a\/\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 (\u0664\u00d7\u0662\u0665 \u062c\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u062a\/\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629).<\/p><\/li><li><p style=\"margin: 0px 0px 4px;\"><strong>\u0663\u0663.\u200f: \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 PAM4:<\/strong> \u0663\u0664.\u200f: \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a PAM4 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627 <strong>\u0667. \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062e\u0646<\/strong> \u0663\u0665.\u200f: \u0644\u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629:<\/p><ul><li><p style=\"margin: 0px;\"><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/www.l-p.com\/products\/470377.htm\"><strong>\u0664. \u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637-\u0628\u064a \u0628\u064a \u0625\u0644 \u0643\u064a\u0648 \u062f\u064a-\u0633\u064a \u062f\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0664\u0660\u0660-\u062f\u064a \u0622\u0631\u0664 \u0633\u064a:<\/strong><\/a> \u0665. \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0664\u0660\u0660 \u062c\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u062a\/\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u0635\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0641 \u0623\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0645\u0639 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0645\u0664 \u0628\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0664\u00d7\u0661\u0660\u0660 \u062c\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u062a\/\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629.<\/p><\/li><\/ul><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0662\u0663. \u0647\u0630\u0647 <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/www.l-p.com\/store-25432-optics-transceivers-sfp-modules.htm\"><strong>\u0666. \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637-\u0628\u064a \u0628\u064a<\/strong><\/a> \u0667. \u062a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a (\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0633 \u0628\u064a) \u0645\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0634\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u062a\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0621 (\u0641\u064a \u0625\u064a \u0633\u064a) \u0642\u0648\u064a \u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0645\u0664 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0639\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0637\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" ><strong>\u0668. \u27a4 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0669. \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0646\u0648\u0646-\u0631\u064a\u062a\u0631\u0646 \u062a\u0648 \u0632\u064a\u0631\u0648 (\u0625\u0646 \u0622\u0631 \u0632\u064a) \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u064b\u0651\u0627\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0644\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u064a\u062a\u062c\u0647 \u0628\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0645\u0664\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0648\u0642\u062f \u062a\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062a\u0639\u0642\u064a\u062f\u064b\u0627 (\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0645\u0668 \u0623\u0648 \u0628\u0627\u0645\u0661\u0666) \u0645\u0639 \u0633\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0627 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0625\u062b\u0631\u064a\u0646\u062a \u0628\u062a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0628\u062a \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u0648\u0633\u062a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f\u0647\u0627. \u0625\u0646 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0645\u0664 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0636\u0627\u0639\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0636\u0627\u0639\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u062f (\u0628\u0627\u0648\u062f \u0631\u064a\u062a) \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064c \u062c\u0648\u0647\u0631\u064a\u064c\u0651 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0648\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u064a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0634\u0631 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0645\u0664 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645\u064d \u0645\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u2014 \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0628\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637-\u0628\u064a \u0628\u064a. <strong>\u0667. \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062e\u0646<\/strong> \u0661\u0660. \u0647\u0644 \u0623\u0646\u062a \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0639\u062f \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0634\u0628\u0643\u062a\u0643 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629\u061f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u0661\u0661. \u0625\u0646 \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0625\u0646 \u0622\u0631 \u0632\u064a \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0645\u0664 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u064c\u0651 \u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f\u064a. \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0643\u0646\u062a \u062a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0630\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0635\u0637\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 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\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0633\u0644 \u0628\u062a\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0631\u0645\u0632. \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0645\u0664 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0628\u0643\u062a\u0643.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div><div widgetid=\"3ef779ac451211f099380a58fbc66727\" format=\"embedded\" data-widget-id=\"3ef779ac451211f099380a58fbc66727\" data-mode=\"production.zh\" style=\"display: block;\"><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" ><strong>\u0661\u0667.\u200f: \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0629<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" >\u0661\u0664. \u0647\u0644 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0645\u0664 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u064b\u0627 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class=\"wp-block-heading\" >\u0661\u0668. \u0647\u0644 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0645\u0664 \u0648\u0625\u0646 \u0622\u0631 \u0632\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629\u061f<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0661\u0669. \u0646\u0639\u0645\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0643 \u062f\u0645\u062c \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0645\u0627. \u0641\u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0625\u0646 \u0622\u0631 \u0632\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0645\u0664 \u0644\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0643 \u0639\u0644\u0649 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