{"id":4505,"date":"2025-11-05T11:12:00","date_gmt":"2025-11-05T11:12:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/lp.szlogic.cn\/knowledge-center\/common-network-issues-data-link-layer-solutions\/"},"modified":"2026-06-22T05:33:20","modified_gmt":"2026-06-22T05:33:20","slug":"common-network-issues-data-link-layer-solutions","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/resourceslp.szlogic.cn\/ar\/knowledge-center\/common-network-issues-data-link-layer-solutions","title":{"rendered":"\u0667. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a: \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0643\u0634\u0627\u0641 \u0623\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0648\u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0647\u0627"},"content":{"rendered":"<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-large\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1200\" height=\"712\" src=\"https:\/\/resourceslp.szlogic.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/1c7cf6305eb24d878df017761ba1ff5f.webp\" alt=\"Common Network Issues at the Data Link Layer\" class=\"wp-image-4503\" srcset=\"https:\/\/resourceslp.szlogic.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/1c7cf6305eb24d878df017761ba1ff5f.webp 1200w, https:\/\/resourceslp.szlogic.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/1c7cf6305eb24d878df017761ba1ff5f-300x178.webp 300w, https:\/\/resourceslp.szlogic.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/1c7cf6305eb24d878df017761ba1ff5f-1024x608.webp 1024w, https:\/\/resourceslp.szlogic.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/1c7cf6305eb24d878df017761ba1ff5f-768x456.webp 768w, https:\/\/resourceslp.szlogic.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/1c7cf6305eb24d878df017761ba1ff5f-18x12.webp 18w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1200px) 100vw, 1200px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0663\u0669. \u0625\u0646\u064e\u0651 <strong>\u0661. \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a<\/strong> \u0662. (\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0662 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c) <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/resourceslp.szlogic.cn\/ar\/glossary\/open-system-interconnect-osi-model-seven-layers-networking\/\"><strong>OSI<\/strong><\/a>\u0663. \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0637\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u0645\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629. \u0648\u062a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u062a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064f\u0642\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0632\u0627\u0645\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0621. \u0648\u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0629\u060c \u062a\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0629. \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0639\u062c\u0632\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0643 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647 \u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0635\u0639\u0628 \u062a\u0634\u062e\u064a\u0635\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644\u064d \u0634\u0647\u064a\u0631.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0664. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644\u060c \u0633\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0634\u064a\u0648\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0646\u0632\u0648\u0651\u062f\u0643 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062d\u0644\u0651\u0647\u0627. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0633\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u062a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0651\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/www.l-p.com\/store-25432-optics-transceivers-sfp-modules.htm\"><strong>\u0662. \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0626\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/a>, \u0665. \u060c \u062f\u0648\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u062d\u0627\u0633\u0645\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/www.link-pp.com\/\"><strong>\u0664\u0660. LINK-PP<\/strong><\/a>\u2018\u0666. \u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062a \u00ab<span class=\"product-name\">\u00bb \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0641\u0627\u0631\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u062a\u0643.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" ><strong>\u0667. \ud83d\udd27 \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u0627\u0626\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0668. \u0648\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0651\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u062a\u060c \u062f\u0639\u0646\u0627 \u0646\u0644\u062e\u0651\u0635 \u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0647 \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a. \u0648\u062a\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0651\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0637\u0628\u0642\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u0631\u0639\u064a\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0647\u0645\u0627:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><p style=\"margin: 0px;\"><strong>\u0669. \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a (LLC):<\/strong> \u0661\u0660. \u0648\u062a\u062a\u0648\u0644\u0651\u0649 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0632\u0627\u0645\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0621.<\/p><\/li><li><p style=\"margin: 0px;\"><strong>\u0661\u0661. \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0637 (MAC):<\/strong> \u0661\u0662. \u0648\u062a\u062a\u0648\u0644\u0651\u0649 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0631\u064a\u062d \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0625\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0639\u0646\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0646 MAC \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0629.<\/p><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0661\u0663. \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u064a:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><p style=\"margin: 0px;\"><strong>\u0661\u0664. \u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a (Framing):<\/strong> \u0661\u0665. \u062a\u063a\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a.<\/p><\/li><li><p style=\"margin: 0px;\"><strong>\u0661\u0666. \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a:<\/strong> \u0661\u0667. \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0646 MAC \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u0644 \u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631.<\/p><\/li><li><p style=\"margin: 0px;\"><strong>\u0661\u0668. \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0621:<\/strong> \u0661\u0669. \u0627\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0646\u064b\u0627 \u062a\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0622\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062b\u0644 <strong>\u0663.\u200f CRC (\u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u064a)<\/strong>.<\/p><\/li><li><p style=\"margin: 0px;\"><strong>\u0662\u0660. \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642:<\/strong> \u0662\u0661. \u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u062d\u0645\u0651\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0633\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0637\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0647\u0627.<\/p><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0662\u0662. \u0648\u0639\u0646\u062f \u0641\u0634\u0644 \u0623\u064a\u064d\u0651 \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u0627\u0626\u0641\u060c \u062a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0628\u0648\u0636\u0648\u062d \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0634\u0628\u0643\u062a\u0643 \u0628\u0623\u0643\u0645\u0644\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" ><strong>\u0662\u0663. \ud83d\udd27 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0623\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0636\u0647\u0627<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0662\u0664. \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u064a \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u064f\u0639\u0642\u0651\u062f \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" ><strong>\u0662\u0665. \ud83d\udd37 \u0627\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0646\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0646 MAC<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0662\u0666. \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0641\u0638 \u0645\u0628\u062f\u0651\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0628\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 <strong>\u0667. MAC<\/strong> \u0662\u0667. \u064a\u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0639\u0646\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0646 MAC \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064c \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u064c\u0651 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 <strong>\u0662\u0668. \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647 \u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><p style=\"margin: 0px;\"><strong>\u0662\u0669. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629:<\/strong> \u0661. \u0641\u064a \u0647\u062c\u0648\u0645 \u062e\u0628\u064a\u062b \u0623\u0648 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0647\u064a\u0626\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u064f\u063a\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u062f\u0651\u0644 \u0628\u0639\u062f\u062f\u064d \u0647\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0646\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0646 MAC \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0644\u0621 \u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0640 CAM (\u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649).<\/p><\/li><li><p style=\"margin: 0px;\"><strong>\u0662. \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064e\u0631\u064e\u0636:<\/strong> \u0663. \u0648\u0628\u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0637\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u062f\u0651\u0644 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064f\u0651\u0645 \u0639\u0646\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0634\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629. \u0648\u062d\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0631\u0641 \u0643\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0632\u0650\u0651\u0639 (Hub)\u060c \u0641\u064a\u0628\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0630. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062f\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064d \u062d\u0627\u062f\u064d\u0651 \u0641\u064a <strong>\u0664. \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629<\/strong>, \u0665. \u0648\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637\u0624 \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0634\u0643\u0651\u0644 \u062e\u0637\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0645\u0646\u064a\u064b\u0651\u0627 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0645\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644.<\/p><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" ><strong>\u0666. \ud83d\udd37 \u062a\u0630\u0628\u0630\u0628 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 MAC<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0667. \u064a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u062f\u0651\u0644 \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 MAC \u064a\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0641\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><p style=\"margin: 0px;\"><strong>\u0662\u0669. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629:<\/strong> \u0668. \u0648\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 <strong>\u0669. \u062d\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 (Layer 2 loop)<\/strong> \u0661\u0660. \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 (\u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0643\u0648\u0644 \u0634\u062c\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0637\u064a\u0629 Spanning Tree Protocol\u060c STP\u060c \u0645\u0636\u0628\u0648\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0639\u0637\u0651\u0644\u0629)\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0628\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 (NIC) \u0645\u0639\u0637\u0648\u0628\u0629.<\/p><\/li><li><p style=\"margin: 0px;\"><strong>\u0662. \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064e\u0631\u064e\u0636:<\/strong> \u0661\u0661. \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0646\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0646 MAC \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u062f\u0651\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0646\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0642\u0637\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064d \u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0629 (CPU) \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u062f\u0651\u0644. \u0648\u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0643\u0634\u0627\u0641 \u0623\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0621 <strong>\u0661\u0662. \u062a\u0630\u0628\u0630\u0628 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 MAC<\/strong> \u0661\u0663. \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0629\u064b \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629\u064b \u0644\u0623\u064a \u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644 \u0634\u0628\u0643\u064a.<\/p><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" ><strong>\u0661\u0664. \ud83d\udd37 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u062a\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0636\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 (Duplex Mismatch)<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0661\u0665. \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0643\u0644\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u064b\u0651\u0627.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><p style=\"margin: 0px;\"><strong>\u0662\u0669. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629:<\/strong> \u0661\u0666. \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0636\u0628\u0637 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0637\u0631\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0636\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 (full-duplex) (\u0623\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647)\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0636\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0636\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635\u0641\u064a\u0629 (half-duplex) (\u0623\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0642\u062a\u064d \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f). \u0648\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0645\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u064a (auto-negotiation)\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0646\u064b\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u064a\u062f\u0648\u064a\u064b\u0651\u0627 \u0623\u0648 \u0641\u0634\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062b \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642.<\/p><\/li><li><p style=\"margin: 0px;\"><strong>\u0662. \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064e\u0631\u064e\u0636:<\/strong> \u0661\u0667. \u0648\u0633\u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0643 \u0633\u062a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631 <strong>\u0661\u0668. \u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0629 (late collisions)<\/strong> \u0661\u0669. \u0648\u0623\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644 \u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 (Frame Check Sequence, FCS)\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0633\u064a\u0621 \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0645.<\/p><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" ><strong>\u0662\u0660. \ud83d\udd37 \u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 VLAN \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a (Trunking Issues)<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/resourceslp.szlogic.cn\/ar\/glossary\/vlan-network-segmentation-security-management-basics\/\"><strong>\u0662\u0661. \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0627\u062a LAN \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629 (VLANs)<\/strong><\/a> \u0662\u0662. \u062a\u064f\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0644\u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0628\u062b \u0645\u0646\u0641\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><p style=\"margin: 0px;\"><strong>\u0662\u0669. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629:<\/strong> \u0662\u0663. \u0648\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u064a\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0626\u0629 \u0644\u0640 VLAN \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u062f\u0651\u0644 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0646\u0627\u0629 (trunk) \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d (\u0645\u062b\u0644: \u063a\u064a\u0627\u0628 VLAN \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0646\u0627\u0629) \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644.<\/p><\/li><li><p style=\"margin: 0px;\"><strong>\u0662. \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064e\u0631\u064e\u0636:<\/strong> \u0662\u0664. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0637\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0646\u0628\u063a\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0628\u0639\u0636\u0647\u0627 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0644\u0648 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u062f\u0651\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u064b\u0651\u0627 \u0639\u0646\u062f <strong>\u0662\u0665. \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0643\u0634\u0627\u0641 \u0623\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644 VLAN<\/strong>.<\/p><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" ><strong>\u0662\u0666. \ud83d\udd37 \u0623\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631: CRC\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 (Giants)\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u064b\u0651\u0627 (Runts)<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0663\u0669. \u0625\u0646\u064e\u0651 <strong>\u0661. \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a<\/strong> \u0661. \u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0643\u0644 \u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><p style=\"margin: 0px;\"><strong>\u0662. \u0623\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0621 CRC:<\/strong> \u0663. \u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0641\u0634\u0644 \u0641\u062d\u0635 CRC. \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0631\u0641\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631.<\/p><\/li><li><p style=\"margin: 0px;\"><strong>\u0664. \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 (Giants):<\/strong> \u0665. \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0648\u0649 (MTU).<\/p><\/li><li><p style=\"margin: 0px;\"><strong>\u0666. \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u064b\u0651\u0627 (Runts):<\/strong> \u0667. \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u063a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0646\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0645\u0648\u062d \u0628\u0647\u060c \u0648\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a.<\/p><\/li><li><p style=\"margin: 0px;\"><strong>\u0662. \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064e\u0631\u064e\u0636:<\/strong> \u0668. \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0643\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 (\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a) \u0623\u0648 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u062a\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0636\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 (duplex mismatch)\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0625\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0634\u0628\u0643\u064a \u0628\u0637\u064a\u0621.<\/p><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0669. \u064a\u0644\u062e\u0651\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0623\u062f\u0646\u0627\u0647 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0629 \u0643\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\">\n<table class=\"has-fixed-layout\">\n<colgroup><col style=\"min-width: 25px;\"\/><col style=\"min-width: 25px;\"\/><col style=\"min-width: 25px;\"\/><\/colgroup><tbody><tr><th colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p>\u0661\u0660. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629<\/p><\/th><th colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p>\u0661\u0665. \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a<\/p><\/th><th colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p>\u0661\u0660. \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064e\u0631\u064e\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a<\/p><\/th><\/tr><tr><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p><strong>\u0661\u0661. \u0627\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0646\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0646 MAC<\/strong><\/p><\/td><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p>\u0661\u0662. \u0627\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 CAM \u0628\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0646 MAC \u0648\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629<\/p><\/td><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p>\u0661\u0663. \u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637\u0624 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u060c \u0648\u062e\u0631\u0642 \u0623\u0645\u0646\u064a<\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p><strong>\u0661\u0664. \u062a\u0630\u0628\u0630\u0628 \u0639\u0646\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0646 MAC<\/strong><\/p><\/td><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p>\u0661\u0665. \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062d\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0637\u0648\u0628\u0629 (NIC)<\/p><\/td><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p>\u0661\u0666. \u0627\u0646\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0645\u062a\u0642\u0637\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u062f\u0650\u0651\u0644<\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p><strong>\u0661\u0667. \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u062a\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0636\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 (Duplex Mismatch)<\/strong><\/p><\/td><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p>\u0661\u0668. \u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629\/\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0636\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629<\/p><\/td><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p>\u0661\u0669. \u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0623\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0621 FCS\u060c \u0648\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0636\u0639\u064a\u0641<\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p><strong>\u0662\u0660. \u062e\u0637\u0623 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 VLAN<\/strong><\/p><\/td><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p>\u0662\u0661. \u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646\u0641\u0630 \u0623\u0648 \u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644 (trunk) \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d\u0629<\/p><\/td><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p>\u0662\u0662. \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0641\u0633 VLAN \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644<\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p><strong>\u0662\u0663. \u0623\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0641\u0631\u0637\u0629<\/strong><\/p><\/td><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p>\u0662\u0664. \u0643\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u062a\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0636\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629<\/p><\/td><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p>\u0662\u0665. \u0641\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0637\u064a\u0621<\/p><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" ><strong>\u0664. \ud83d\udd27 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0626\u064a: \u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u064c \u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629 \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0665. \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0647\u0645\u064e\u0644\u060c <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/www.l-p.com\/store-25432-optics-transceivers-sfp-modules.htm\"><strong>\u0667. \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062e\u0646<\/strong><\/a> \u0666. (\u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629) \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0643\u0648\u0650\u0651\u0646\u064c \u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a\u064c\u0651 \u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u064c\u0651 \u064a\u0624\u062b\u0650\u0651\u0631 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a. \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u064a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0643\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u062f\u0650\u0651\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0626\u064a. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u0650\u0641 \u0623\u0648 \u0630\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0645\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634\u0646\u0627\u0647\u0627 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u064b\u0627.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1200\" height=\"719\" src=\"https:\/\/resourceslp.szlogic.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/d071a6999b424e728eaa2d494e076b8f.jpg\" alt=\"optical transceiver\" class=\"wp-image-4504\" srcset=\"https:\/\/resourceslp.szlogic.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/d071a6999b424e728eaa2d494e076b8f.jpg 1200w, https:\/\/resourceslp.szlogic.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/d071a6999b424e728eaa2d494e076b8f-300x180.jpg 300w, https:\/\/resourceslp.szlogic.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/d071a6999b424e728eaa2d494e076b8f-1024x614.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/resourceslp.szlogic.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/d071a6999b424e728eaa2d494e076b8f-768x460.jpg 768w, https:\/\/resourceslp.szlogic.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/d071a6999b424e728eaa2d494e076b8f-18x12.jpg 18w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1200px) 100vw, 1200px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u0667. \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u0650\u0641 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><p style=\"margin: 0px;\"><strong>\u0666\u0664. \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/resourceslp.szlogic.cn\/ar\/glossary\/understanding-what-is-bit-error-rate\/\"><strong>\u0662\u0663. \u062a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0633\u0648\u0621 \u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062a\u060c \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u062e\u0637\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062a (BER). \u0648\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u062e\u0627\u0644\u064d \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629.<\/strong><\/a><strong>:<\/strong> \u0668. \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062f\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u062f\u062e\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0626\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629\u064b \u0625\u0644\u0649 <strong>\u0669. \u0623\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0621 CRC \u0648FCS<\/strong> \u0661\u0660. \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0646\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a. \u0648\u064a\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u062f\u0650\u0651\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u064a\u0631\u0641\u0636\u0647\u0627.<\/p><\/li><li><p style=\"margin: 0px;\"><strong>\u0661\u0661. \u062a\u062f\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0642\u0637\u0639\u0629:<\/strong> \u0661\u0662. \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0632\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0639\u064a\u0641 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0647\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u2014 \u0623\u064a \u0627\u0646\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0627\u062f\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0641\u0648\u0636\u0649\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 <strong>\u0661\u0662. \u062a\u0630\u0628\u0630\u0628 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 MAC<\/strong> \u0661\u0663. \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647.<\/p><\/li><li><p style=\"margin: 0px;\"><strong>\u0661\u0664. \u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642:<\/strong> \u0661\u0665. \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0636\u0648\u0626\u064a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0635\u0644\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0628 \u0628\u0631\u0645\u062c\u064a\u064b\u0651\u0627 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0631\u062f\u064a\u0621 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0631\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0629\u060c \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0644\u0648 \u0628\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d\u0629.<\/p><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u0661\u0666. \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629: \u062d\u0644 LINK-PP<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0661\u0667. \u0648\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u0627\u0644\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0641\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0636\u0648\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u0629. <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/www.link-pp.com\/\"><strong>\u0664\u0660. LINK-PP<\/strong><\/a> \u0661\u0668. \u062a\u0635\u0646\u0639 \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629  \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631 MSA\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0641\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u062e\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0632\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u0646\u0639 <strong>\u0661\u0669. \u062a\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062c\u0645 \u0639\u0646 \u0639\u0637\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c <strong>\u0664\u0660. LINK-PP <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/www.l-p.com\/products\/475415.htm\"><strong>\u0662\u0664. SFP-10G-SR<\/strong><\/a> \u0662\u0660. \u0647\u0648 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 10GBASE-SR \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0635\u0645\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0641 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0637. \u0648\u062a\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0628\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/resourceslp.szlogic.cn\/ar\/glossary\/ddm-dom-in-optical-transceivers\/\"><strong>\u0662\u0668. \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u062e\u064a\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a (DDM)<\/strong><\/a> \u0662\u0661. \u0645\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u062f \u0648\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0626\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0644\u0643 \u0628\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0641\u064a <strong>\u0662\u0662. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u064a\u0629<\/strong>, \u0662\u0663. \u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0643 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062f\u0647\u0648\u0631\u0629 <em>\u0661\u0663. \u0642\u0628\u0644<\/em> \u0662\u0664. \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0646\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" ><strong>\u0662\u0665. \ud83d\udd27 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0646\u0635\u0627\u0626\u062d \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0643\u0634\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0647\u0627<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0662\u0666. \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c. \u0648\u0625\u0644\u064a\u0643 \u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><p style=\"margin: 0px;\"><strong>\u0662\u0667. \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0643\u0648\u0644 \u0634\u062c\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0637\u064a\u0629 (STP):<\/strong> \u0662\u0668. \u062a\u0623\u0643\u064e\u0651\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0628\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0643\u0648\u0644 STP (\u0623\u0648 \u0625\u0635\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0631\u0639 RSTP\/MSTP) \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u062f\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629.<\/p><\/li><li><p style=\"margin: 0px;\"><strong>\u0662\u0669. \u062a\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0644 \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0641\u0630:<\/strong> \u0663\u0660. \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0645\u064a\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0641\u0630 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0628\u062f\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0643 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0639\u0646\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0646 MAC \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064f\u0651\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0641\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0644\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u062c\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a\u0636\u0627\u0646 \u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0646\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0646 MAC.<\/p><\/li><li><p style=\"margin: 0px;\"><strong>\u0663\u0661. \u062a\u0648\u062d\u064a\u062f \u0622\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u064a:<\/strong> \u0663\u0662. \u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0643 \u0633\u0628\u0628\u064c \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u064c\u060c \u0641\u062f\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u062f\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0644\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u064a\u0629 (duplex). \u0648\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0636\u0637\u0631\u0631\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0639\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u064a\u062f\u0648\u064a\u064b\u0651\u0627\u060c \u0641\u062a\u0623\u0643\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u0644\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0646.<\/p><\/li><li><p style=\"margin: 0px;\"><strong>\u0663\u0663. \u062a\u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642 \u062e\u0637\u0629 VLAN \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0643:<\/strong> \u0663\u0664. \u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642\u064d \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d\u064d \u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0627\u062a VLAN \u0648\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0626\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u062a\u062c\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0621.<\/p><\/li><li><p style=\"margin: 0px;\"><strong>\u0663\u0665. \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629:<\/strong> \u0663\u0666. \u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u062f\u0644 \u0644\u0623\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0621 CRC \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0641\u0636. \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u062c\u0626\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u0646\u0630\u0631 \u0628\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629.<\/p><\/li><li><p style=\"margin: 0px;\"><strong>\u0663\u0667. \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629:<\/strong> \u0663\u0668. \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0633\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u0635\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0643\u0634\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0647\u0627. \u0648\u064a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0643\u0644 \u0634\u064a\u0621 \u0628\u062f\u0621\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u062f\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062b\u0644 <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/www.link-pp.com\/\"><strong>\u0664\u0660. LINK-PP<\/strong><\/a>.<\/p><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" ><strong>\u0663\u0669. \ud83d\udd27 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u062a\u0645\u0629: \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064d \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0663\u0669. \u0625\u0646\u064e\u0651 <strong>\u0661. \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a<\/strong> \u0664\u0660. \u062a\u0634\u0643\u0650\u0651\u0644 \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0647\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u062a\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0623\u0648\u0636\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0634\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u2014 \u0645\u0646 <strong>\u0667. MAC<\/strong> \u0664\u0661. \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u2014 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064c \u062c\u0648\u0647\u0631\u064a\u064c\u0651 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0622\u0645\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u0629. \u0648\u0628\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a\u0643 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0642.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" ><strong>\u0664\u0662. \ud83d\udd27 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0629 (FAQ)<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" >\u0664\u0663. \u0645\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a\u061f<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0664\u0664. \u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629. \u0648\u062a\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0623\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u062a\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" >\u0664\u0665. \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0643 \u0627\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0641 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u062a\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u064a\u0629 (duplex mismatch)\u061f<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\"><p>\u0664\u0666. \u0627\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0639\u0646 \u0628\u0637\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0648 \u0641\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0645 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0636\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0623\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646\u0641\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0628\u0643. \u0648\u064a\u064f\u062d\u0644\u0651 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0628\u062a\u0648\u062d\u064a\u062f \u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u0644\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632\u064a\u0646.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" >\u0664\u0667. \u0644\u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0636\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0646\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0646 MAC\u061f<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0664\u0668. \u062a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0636\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0646\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0646 MAC \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632\u0627\u0646 \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 MAC. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0646\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0648 \u0625\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0623. \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0646\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0646 MAC \u0641\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" >\u0664\u0669. \u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u061f<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\">\n<table class=\"has-fixed-layout\">\n<colgroup><col style=\"min-width: 25px;\"\/><col style=\"min-width: 25px;\"\/><\/colgroup><tbody><tr><th colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629<\/p><\/th><th colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p>\u0661\u0667.\u200f \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645<\/p><\/th><\/tr><tr><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p>\u0665\u0660. Wireshark<\/p><\/td><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p>\u0665\u0661. \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0645<\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p>\u0665\u0662. \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062a<\/p><\/td><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p>\u0665\u0663. \u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062a<\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p>\u0665\u0664. \u0633\u062c\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u062f\u0644<\/p><\/td><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p>\u0665\u0665. \u0627\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0641 \u0623\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0641\u0630<\/p><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0665\u0666. \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0643 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0627\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0668. \u062d\u0644 \u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0646\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0646 MAC\u060c \u0648\u0623\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0643\u0648\u0644 \u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0646 (ARP)\u060c \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0647\u0627.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":4503,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[24,26],"class_list":["post-4505","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-knowledge-center","tag-link-pp","tag-optics-transceivers"],"blocksy_meta":[],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/resourceslp.szlogic.cn\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4505","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/resourceslp.szlogic.cn\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/resourceslp.szlogic.cn\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/resourceslp.szlogic.cn\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/resourceslp.szlogic.cn\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4505"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/resourceslp.szlogic.cn\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4505\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":10933,"href":"https:\/\/resourceslp.szlogic.cn\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4505\/revisions\/10933"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/resourceslp.szlogic.cn\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/4503"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/resourceslp.szlogic.cn\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4505"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/resourceslp.szlogic.cn\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4505"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/resourceslp.szlogic.cn\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4505"}],"curies":[{"name":"\u0661. \u0648\u064e\u0628","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}