{"id":4327,"date":"2025-07-03T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2025-07-03T00:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/lp.szlogic.cn\/glossary\/understanding-what-is-bit-error-rate\/"},"modified":"2026-06-22T09:21:47","modified_gmt":"2026-06-22T09:21:47","slug":"understanding-what-is-bit-error-rate","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/resourceslp.szlogic.cn\/ar\/glossary\/understanding-what-is-bit-error-rate","title":{"rendered":"\u0668. \u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u062e\u0637\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062a\u061f \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629"},"content":{"rendered":"
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    \n

  1. \u0661\u0667.\u200f\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621:<\/strong> \u0661\u0668.\u200f\u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u062e\u0637\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0642\u0648\u064a \u0648\u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642 \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0639 \u062d\u062f \u0623\u062f\u0646\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0634\u0648\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a. \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u062e\u0637\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062a \u0641\u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644 (\u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0644\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0629)\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0646\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0636\u0639\u064a\u0641 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a (\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0648 \u0645\u062a\u0642\u0637\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0637\u064a\u0621\u060c \u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0628\u0637\u064a\u0621 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062d\u0627\u0628\u0629).<\/p><\/li>

  2. \u0669. \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 (QoS):<\/strong> \u0661\u0669.\u200f\u0648\u064a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0645\u0634\u063a\u0644\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u062e\u0637\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062a \u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 (SLAs)\u060c \u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0623\u062f\u0646\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0626\u0647\u0645.<\/p><\/li>

  3. \u0662\u0660.\u200f\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0647\u0627\u0645\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0646:<\/strong> \u064a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a BER \u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0645\u062a\u0639 \u0628\u0640 “\u0647\u0627\u0645\u0634” \u0643\u0627\u0641\u064d. \u064a\u0623\u062e\u0630 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u0645\u0634 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u064a\u0629 (\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u062a\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0642\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629)\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0642\u0627\u0621 BER \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0637\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c.<\/p><\/li>

  4. \u0669. \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0643\u0634\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0623 \u0648\u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0647:<\/strong> \u0662\u0661.\u200f\u0648\u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u062e\u0637\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062a \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u062a\u0634\u062e\u064a\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629. \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u062c\u0626\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u062e\u0637\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062a \u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d\u064b\u0627\u060c \u062a\u062f\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0639\u0637\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 (\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u062a\u062f\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0667. \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062e\u0646<\/strong>\u0662\u0662.\u200f)\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0643\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0631\u062f\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644.<\/p><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n

    \u0662\u0663.\u200f\u261b \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u064a\u064f\u0642\u0627\u0633 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u062e\u0637\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062a\u061f<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

    \u0662\u0664.\u200f\u0648\u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u062e\u0637\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062a \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a\u064b\u0651\u0627 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0646\u0634\u0631\u0647\u0627. \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u064e\u0651\u0646:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      \n

    1. \u0662\u0665.\u200f\u062a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0646\u0645\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631:<\/strong> \u0661. \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062f \u062a\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644 \u0628\u062a \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0634\u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0634\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a (PRBS) \u0628\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0637\u0629 \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 (\u0645\u062b\u0644 BERT \u2013 \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0623\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062a\u0627\u062a (Bit Error Rate Tester)<\/strong>\u0662. ) \u0648\u064a\u064f\u062d\u0642\u064e\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0642\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 (\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0627\u064b: \u0645\u0631\u0633\u0644\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0643\u0627\u0628\u0644\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0632\u0648\u062c \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0627\u0644).<\/p><\/li>

    2. \u0662\u0660. \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644:<\/strong> \u0663. \u064a\u0645\u0631 \u0646\u0645\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645.<\/p><\/li>

    3. \u0664. \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629:<\/strong> \u0665. \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0644\u0645 \u0628\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0637\u0629 \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631. \u062b\u0645 \u062a\u062a\u0645 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0644\u0645 \u0628\u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u062a-\u0628\u062a \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0633\u0644.<\/p><\/li>

    4. \u0666. \u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628:<\/strong> \u0667. \u064a\u0639\u062f\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0643\u0644 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u064a\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0644\u0645 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0633\u0644. \u0648\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u064a\u064f\u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u062a\u064a (BER) \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u0643\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0647.<\/p><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n

      \u0668. \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644\u0627\u062a \u062e\u0637\u0623 \u0628\u064a\u062a\u064a \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u064a\u0629 (\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0661\u0660\u207b\u00b9\u2075) \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0625\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0647\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062a\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u0641\u0651\u0631 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0630\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      \u0669. \u261b \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u062a\u064a (BER)<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

      \u0661\u0660. \u062a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u062a\u064a (BER). \u0648\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      \n\n<\/colgroup>

      \u0662\u0666.\u200f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644<\/strong><\/p><\/th>

      \u0661\u0661. \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u062a\u064a (BER)<\/strong><\/p><\/th>

      \u0661\u0662. \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0641\u064a\u0641<\/strong><\/p><\/th><\/tr>

      \u0662. \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0636\u0627\u0621 (SNR)<\/strong><\/p><\/td>

      \u0661\u0663. \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642.<\/strong> \u0661\u0664. \u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0636\u0627\u0621 (SNR) (\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0636\u0639\u064a\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0636\u0648\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629) \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062d\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u062a\u064a (BER).<\/p><\/td>

      \u0661\u0665. \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644 (\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0645\u0648\u062d \u0628\u0647\u0627)\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0636\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0636\u0648\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0645\u064a\u0644.<\/p><\/td><\/tr>

      \u0661\u0666. \u0642\u064a\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f\u064a<\/strong><\/p><\/td>

      \u0661\u0667. \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0643\u0641\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0646\u0627\u0629 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0634\u0648\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0633\u0628\u0651\u0628\u0627\u064b \u062a\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0645\u0648\u0632 (ISI)\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0621.<\/p><\/td>

      \u0661\u0668. \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0641\u064d\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0624 (\u0645\u062b\u0644 CTLE\u060c DFE\u060c FFE).<\/p><\/td><\/tr>

      \u0662. \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0648\u064a\u0647<\/strong><\/p><\/td>

      \u0661\u0669. \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a (\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u062e\u0651\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0651\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a) \u062a\u0634\u0648\u0651\u0647 \u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629.<\/p><\/td>

      \u0662\u0660. \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0648\u0651\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0628\u0642 (Pre-distortion).<\/p><\/td><\/tr>

      \u0663\u0665. \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0630\u0628\u0630\u0628 (Jitter)<\/strong><\/p><\/td>

      \u0662\u0661. \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u062e\u0630 \u0639\u064a\u0651\u0646\u0627\u062a \u062e\u0627\u0637\u0626\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u062a\u0627\u062a.<\/p><\/td>

      \u0662\u0662. \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0647\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0632 (Jitter)\u0662. \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0626\u064a\u0629<\/strong>, \u0662\u0663. (\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a)\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0644\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0628\u0648\u0639\u0629 (PCB)\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u062e\u0641\u0651\u0636\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0647\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0632 (Jitter Attenuators).<\/p><\/td><\/tr>

      \u0664\u0665. \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0647\u064a\u0646<\/strong><\/p><\/td>

      \u0662\u0664. \u0641\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0641\u0629 (\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629) \u064a\u0642\u0644\u0651\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644.<\/p><\/td>

      \u0662\u0665. \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u062e\u0651\u0645\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0637 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0641\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0642\u0644 (\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0641 \u0623\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0636\u0639)\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0643\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a.<\/p><\/td><\/tr>

      \u0662\u0666. \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0648\u064a\u0634<\/strong><\/p><\/td>

      \u0662\u0667. \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u063a\u0648\u0628 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0636\u064a\u0641 \u0636\u0648\u0636\u0627\u0621\u064b.<\/p><\/td>

      \u0661. \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u062f\u0631\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0628\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0636\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0635\u0641\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0636\u0627\u0621.<\/p><\/td><\/tr>

      \u0662. \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a<\/strong><\/p><\/td>

      \u0663. \u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0635\u0646\u064e\u0651\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0631\u062f\u064a\u0621 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u062a\u062f\u0647\u0648\u0631\u0629 (\u0648\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629\u064b \u0661\u0660. \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/strong>\u0664. ) \u062a\u064f\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0648\u064a\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0647\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646\u064a (Jitter).<\/p><\/td>

      \u0665. \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0645\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0627\u0644 LINK-PP.<\/strong> \u0666. \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0636\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0635\u0627\u0631\u0645\u0629.<\/p><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

      \u0667. \u261b \u0645\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0626\u064a\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a (BER)<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

      \u0661\u0669. \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0626\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/a> \u0668. (\u0645\u062b\u0644 SFP \u0648SFP+ \u0648QSFP28 \u0648OSFP) \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0636\u0648\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0643\u0633\u060c \u0648\u062a\u064f\u0634\u0643\u0650\u0651\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629. \u0648\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u064c \u0647\u0627\u0626\u0644\u064c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a (BER):<\/p>\n\n\n\n