{"id":4022,"date":"2025-07-11T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2025-07-11T00:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/lp.szlogic.cn\/glossary\/what-is-pam4-four-level-pulse-amplitude-modulation-basics\/"},"modified":"2026-06-22T09:06:18","modified_gmt":"2026-06-22T09:06:18","slug":"what-is-pam4-four-level-pulse-amplitude-modulation-basics","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/resourceslp.szlogic.cn\/ar\/glossary\/what-is-pam4-four-level-pulse-amplitude-modulation-basics","title":{"rendered":"\u0667. \u062a\u0648\u0636\u064a\u062d \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 PAM4: \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0637 \u0630\u064a \u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a"},"content":{"rendered":"<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-large\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1200\" height=\"712\" src=\"https:\/\/resourceslp.szlogic.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/5f408660b34441fcb684a16f0eac752d.webp\" alt=\"Four-Level Pulse Amplitude Modulation (PAM4)\" class=\"wp-image-4019\" srcset=\"https:\/\/resourceslp.szlogic.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/5f408660b34441fcb684a16f0eac752d.webp 1200w, https:\/\/resourceslp.szlogic.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/5f408660b34441fcb684a16f0eac752d-300x178.webp 300w, https:\/\/resourceslp.szlogic.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/5f408660b34441fcb684a16f0eac752d-1024x608.webp 1024w, https:\/\/resourceslp.szlogic.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/5f408660b34441fcb684a16f0eac752d-768x456.webp 768w, https:\/\/resourceslp.szlogic.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/5f408660b34441fcb684a16f0eac752d-18x12.webp 18w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1200px) 100vw, 1200px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><span class=\"qc-p1-tag\" style=\"color: rgb(64, 64, 64);\">\u0661. \u0627\u0644\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u064b\u0651\u0627 \u2014 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u0634\u064e\u0639\u064e\u0651\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062d\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0637\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0645\u0633 (5G)\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u2014 \u062a\u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0629. \u0625\u0646 \u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u00ab\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u0631\u00bb \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629 (NRZ)\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0623\u062c\u064a\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0635\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u0662\u0665 \u062c\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631. \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646 <\/span><span class=\"qc-p1-tag\"><strong>\u0661\u0660.\u200f \u0628\u064a \u0625\u064a\u0647 \u0625\u0645\u0664 (\u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0636\u0629 \u0631\u0628\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a)<\/strong><\/span><span class=\"qc-p1-tag\" style=\"color: rgb(64, 64, 64);\">, \u0662.\u200f\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0645\u0643\u0650\u0651\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0641\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0640 <\/span><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/www.l-p.com\/store-26045-400g-qsfp-dd-osfp-qsfp112.htm\"><span class=\"qc-p1-tag\"><strong>\u0663. \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629<\/strong><\/span><\/a><span class=\"qc-p1-tag\" style=\"color: rgb(64, 64, 64);\"> \u0664. \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629. \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0628\u0637 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 PAM4\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u062a\u0633\u0628 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0629\u061f \u062f\u0639\u0648\u0646\u0627 \u0646\u062a\u0639\u0645\u064e\u0651\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" ><strong>\u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><p>\u0665. \u064a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 PAM4 \u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u062a\u064e\u064a\u0652\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0622\u0646\u064d \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0636\u0627\u0639\u0641 \u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u064a.<\/p><\/li><li><p>\u0666. \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0645\u062b\u0644 NRZ \u0623\u0628\u0637\u0623 \u0645\u0646 PAM4. \u0648\u064a\u062d\u0642\u0650\u0651\u0642 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 PAM4 \u0633\u0631\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u064e\u0651\u0628 \u062a\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d \u0623\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064b\u0627. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0630\u0643\u0627\u0621\u064b\u060c \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u062f \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0642\u0631\u0628 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0639\u0636\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u0636.<\/p><\/li><li><p>\u0667. \u064a\u064f\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 PAM4 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0626\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0628\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629\u064d \u0645\u062a\u0632\u0627\u064a\u062f\u0629\u064d \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0643\u0645\u064d\u0651 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062d\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0645\u0633 (5G).<\/p><\/li><li><p>\u0668. \u064a\u0639\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 PAM4 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0648\u064a\u0634. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0642\u0636\u064a\u0629\u064b \u0645\u0637\u0631\u0648\u062d\u0629. \u0648\u062a\u064f\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0624 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627.<\/p><\/li><li><p>\u0669. \u0625\u0646 \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 PAM4 \u064a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0643 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0647\u0650\u0651\u0632\u0643 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0623\u062d\u062f\u062b \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645.<\/p><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" ><strong>\u0661\u0660. \u25b6 \u0645\u0627 \u0648\u0631\u0627\u0621 NRZ: \u0644\u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u0646\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0625\u0644\u0649 PAM4<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/resourceslp.szlogic.cn\/ar\/glossary\/understanding-non-return-to-zero-in-digital-communication\/\"><strong>\u0668. NRZ<\/strong><\/a><strong>, \u0661\u0661.\u200f\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0645 PAM2<\/strong>, \u0661\u0662.\u200f\u060c \u064a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u062c\u0647\u062f\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u062a\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629: \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064d \u0644\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645 \u2018\u0661\u2019 \u0648\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636 \u0644\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645 \u2018\u0660\u2019. \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u064a\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0628\u062a\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0631\u0645\u0632\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0628\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0628\u0633\u0627\u0637\u062a\u0647 \u0648\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u060c \u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631 \u062c\u064a\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u062f\u064d \u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629. \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0632\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0665\u0666 \u062c\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0661\u0661\u0662 \u062c\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f\u0647\u0627\u060c \u064a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 NRZ \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\" >\n<li><p style=\"margin: 0px;\"><strong>\u0661\u0663. \u0642\u064a\u0648\u062f \u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f\u064a:<\/strong> \u0661\u0664. \u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0625\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644 \u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a NRZ \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0631\u0639 \u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f\u064a \u0642\u0646\u0627\u0629 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0633\u0651\u064a (\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0648\u062f). \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 (PCBs)\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0648\u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a\u064d \u062c\u0633\u064a\u0645\u0629\u064b \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062b \u062a\u062f\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0634\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629.<\/p><\/li><li><p style=\"margin: 0px;\"><strong>\u0661\u0665. \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629:<\/strong> \u0661. \u062a\u0642\u0644\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0641\u062a\u062d\u0629 \u201c\u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u201d \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062e\u0637\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0639\u064f\u0631\u0636\u0629\u064b \u0628\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u064d \u0644\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0647\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0632 (Jitter) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0641\u064a\u0636 (Attenuation). \u0648\u062a\u0632\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0623 \u0627\u0632\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0647\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0627\u064b.<\/p><\/li><li><p style=\"margin: 0px;\"><strong>\u0661\u0667. \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629:<\/strong> \u0662. \u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0633\u0631\u0639\u0627\u062a NRZ \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0648\u0649 \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639\u0642\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0643 \u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629\u064b \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629\u064b.<\/p><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1200\" height=\"1100\" src=\"https:\/\/resourceslp.szlogic.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/237b0c2edabc4c95814384632353d425.webp\" alt=\"4-level Pulse Amplitude Modulation (PAM4)\" class=\"wp-image-3607\" srcset=\"https:\/\/resourceslp.szlogic.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/237b0c2edabc4c95814384632353d425.webp 1200w, https:\/\/resourceslp.szlogic.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/237b0c2edabc4c95814384632353d425-300x275.webp 300w, https:\/\/resourceslp.szlogic.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/237b0c2edabc4c95814384632353d425-1024x939.webp 1024w, https:\/\/resourceslp.szlogic.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/237b0c2edabc4c95814384632353d425-768x704.webp 768w, https:\/\/resourceslp.szlogic.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/237b0c2edabc4c95814384632353d425-13x12.webp 13w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1200px) 100vw, 1200px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u0663. PAM4: \u0645\u0636\u0627\u0639\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f (Baud Rate).<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0664. \u064a\u062a\u063a\u0644\u0628 PAM4 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0648\u062f \u0628\u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u062c\u0630\u0631\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u0631\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a. \u0628\u062f\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u064a\u0646\u060c \u064a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 PAM4 <strong>\u0665. \u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062c\u0647\u062f \u0645\u0645\u064a\u064e\u0651\u0632\u0629<\/strong>. \u0666. . \u0648\u064a\u0645\u062b\u0650\u0651\u0644 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u062a\u064e\u064a\u0652\u0646:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><p style=\"margin: 0px;\">\u0667. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0660: <code>00<\/code><\/p><\/li><li><p style=\"margin: 0px;\">\u0668. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0661: <code>01<\/code><\/p><\/li><li><p style=\"margin: 0px;\">\u0669. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0662: <code>10<\/code><\/p><\/li><li><p style=\"margin: 0px;\">\u0661\u0660. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0663: <code>11<\/code><\/p><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u0661\u0661. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629\u061f \u064a\u0646\u0642\u0644 PAM4 \u0628\u062a\u064e\u064a\u0652\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0631\u0645\u0632 (Symbol Cycle)<\/strong>, \u0661\u0662. \u060c \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629\u064b \u0628\u0628\u062a \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u0641\u064a NRZ. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0647\u060c \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f (\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0645\u0648\u0632 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629)\u060c \u064a\u0648\u0641\u0650\u0651\u0631 PAM4 \u0636\u0639\u0641 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" ><strong>\u0661\u0663. \u25b6 \u062a\u0648\u0636\u064a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0642 \u0628\u064a\u0646 PAM4 \u0648NRZ<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1200\" height=\"712\" src=\"https:\/\/resourceslp.szlogic.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/fbbf4ac046374b7f9db32a61d28e98a9.webp\" alt=\"PAM4 vs. NRZ\" class=\"wp-image-4020\" srcset=\"https:\/\/resourceslp.szlogic.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/fbbf4ac046374b7f9db32a61d28e98a9.webp 1200w, https:\/\/resourceslp.szlogic.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/fbbf4ac046374b7f9db32a61d28e98a9-300x178.webp 300w, https:\/\/resourceslp.szlogic.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/fbbf4ac046374b7f9db32a61d28e98a9-1024x608.webp 1024w, https:\/\/resourceslp.szlogic.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/fbbf4ac046374b7f9db32a61d28e98a9-768x456.webp 768w, https:\/\/resourceslp.szlogic.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/fbbf4ac046374b7f9db32a61d28e98a9-18x12.webp 18w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1200px) 100vw, 1200px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\">\n<table class=\"has-fixed-layout\">\n<colgroup><col style=\"min-width: 25px;\"\/><col style=\"min-width: 25px;\"\/><col style=\"min-width: 25px;\"\/><col style=\"min-width: 25px;\"\/><\/colgroup><tbody><tr><th colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p><strong>\u0661\u0668.\u200f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0629<\/strong><\/p><\/th><th colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p><strong>\u0661\u0664. NRZ (PAM2)<\/strong><\/p><\/th><th colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p><strong>\u0661\u0662. PAM4<\/strong><\/p><\/th><th colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p><strong>\u0661\u0665. \u0645\u064a\u0632\u0629 PAM4<\/strong><\/p><\/th><\/tr><tr><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p><strong>\u0661\u0666. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a<\/strong><\/p><\/td><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p>2 (0, 1)<\/p><\/td><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p>4 (00, 01, 10, 11)<\/p><\/td><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p>\u0661\u0667. \u064a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0628\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644 \u0631\u0645\u0632<\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p><strong>\u0661\u0668. \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062a\u0627\u062a\/\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0645\u0632<\/strong><\/p><\/td><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p>1<\/p><\/td><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p>2<\/p><\/td><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p><strong>\u0661\u0669. \u064a\u0636\u0627\u0639\u0641 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f<\/strong><\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p><strong>\u0662\u0660. \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646<\/strong><\/p><\/td><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p>\u0662\u0661. \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639 (\u0645\u062b\u0644: \u0665\u0666 \u062c\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0627\u0648\u062f \u0644\u0640 \u0665\u0666 \u062c\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u062a\/\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629)<\/p><\/td><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p>\u0662\u0662. \u0623\u0642\u0644 (\u0645\u062b\u0644: \u0662\u0668 \u062c\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0627\u0648\u062f \u0644\u0640 \u0665\u0666 \u062c\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u062a\/\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629)<\/p><\/td><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p><strong>\u0662\u0663. \u064a\u0642\u0644\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0646\u0627\u0629<\/strong><\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p><strong>\u0662\u0664. \u062a\u0639\u0642\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629<\/strong><\/p><\/td><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p>\u0663\u0664. \u0623\u0642\u0644<\/p><\/td><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p>\u0662\u0665. \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 (\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0634 \u062c\u0647\u062f \u0623\u0635\u063a\u0631)<\/p><\/td><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p>\u0662\u0666. NRZ \u0623\u0628\u0633\u0637\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646 PAM4 \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p><strong>\u0662\u0667. \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0636\u0627\u0621<\/strong><\/p><\/td><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p>\u0662\u0668. \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0628\u062a<\/p><\/td><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p>\u0662\u0669. \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0628\u062a<\/p><\/td><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p>\u0663\u0660. \u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064b\u0627 <strong>\u0661. \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p><strong>\u0663\u0663.\u200f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/p><\/td><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p>\u0663\u0661. \u2264 \u0662\u0665\/\u0662\u0668 \u062c\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u062a\/\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0642\u0646\u0627\u0629<\/p><\/td><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p>\u0663\u0662. \u0665\u0666 \u062c\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u062a\/\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0661\u0661\u0662 \u062c\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u062a\/\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0662\u0662\u0664 \u062c\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u062a\/\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0642\u0646\u0627\u0629<\/p><\/td><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p>\u0663\u0663. \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0650\u0651\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a<\/p><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" ><strong>\u0663\u0664. \u25b6 \u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0644 PAM4: \u062a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0647<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0663\u0665. \u0625\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 PAM4 \u0648\u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062a\u0639\u0642\u064a\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 NRZ:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\" >\n<li><p style=\"margin: 0px;\"><strong>\u0663\u0666. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0633\u0644:<\/strong> \u0663\u0667. \u062a\u064f\u0642\u0633\u064e\u0651\u0645 \u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0632\u0648\u0627\u062c \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062a\u0627\u062a (<code>00<\/code>, <code>01<\/code>, <code>10<\/code>, <code>11<\/code>\u0663\u0668. ). \u062b\u0645 \u064a\u0648\u0644\u0650\u0651\u062f \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0633\u0644 \u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639 \u0633\u0639\u0627\u062a \u062c\u0647\u062f \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0645\u0639 \u0643\u0644 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0643\u0648\u064e\u0651\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u062a\u064e\u064a\u0652\u0646.<\/p><\/li><li><p style=\"margin: 0px;\"><strong>\u0663\u0669. \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0646\u0627\u0629:<\/strong> \u0664\u0660. \u062a\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a (\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0628\u0648\u0639\u0629 PCB\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0628\u0644\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a). \u0648\u062a\u062e\u0636\u0639 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0641\u064a\u0636 (Attenuation) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0648\u064a\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0636\u0627\u0621.<\/p><\/li><li><p style=\"margin: 0px 0px 4px;\"><strong>\u0664\u0661. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644:<\/strong> \u0661. \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0632\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0642\u064a\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631. \u0648\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0632 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062c\u0647\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u0642\u0637. \u0648\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u062f \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0631\u0629 (\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0661 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0662) \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0627\u0648\u064a \u0633\u0648\u0649 \u062b\u0644\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a \u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 NRZ. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u063a\u0631 <strong>\u0666. \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646<\/strong> \u0662. \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 PAM4 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647:<\/p><ul><li><p style=\"margin: 0px;\"><strong>\u0662. \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0636\u0627\u0621:<\/strong> \u0663. \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0633\u0647\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0631.<\/p><\/li><li><p style=\"margin: 0px;\"><strong>\u0664. \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0639\u0652\u0641:<\/strong> \u0664. \u0648\u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0641\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062e\u0641\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0636\u064a\u0651\u0642 \u0645\u062e\u0637\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0641\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631.<\/p><\/li><li><p style=\"margin: 0px;\"><strong>\u0665. \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0648\u064a\u0647 (ISI):<\/strong> \u0666. \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0631\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0645\u0648\u0632 \u0645\u0639 \u0628\u0639\u0636\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u0636.<\/p><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><p style=\"margin: 0px 0px 4px;\"><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/resourceslp.szlogic.cn\/ar\/glossary\/digital-signal-processor-functionality-in-optical-transceivers\/\"><strong>\u0664. \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 (DSP)<\/strong><\/a><strong>:<\/strong> \u0667. \u0648\u0644\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0644\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a\u060c \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 PAM4 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 (DSP) \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0646:<\/p><ul><li><p style=\"margin: 0px;\"><strong>\u0663\u0666. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0633\u0644:<\/strong> \u0668. \u0648\u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0630\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 (FFE) \u0644\u062a\u0643\u064a\u064a\u0641 \u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u0628\u0642\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0648\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0646\u0627\u0629.<\/p><\/li><li><p style=\"margin: 0px;\"><strong>\u0664\u0661. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644:<\/strong> \u0669. \u0648\u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0642\u0648\u064a\u0629 (\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u2013 CTLE\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0630\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u2013 DFE)\u060c \u0648\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u064f\u062f\u0645\u062c \u0645\u0639 \u062a\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u064a (FEC) \u0644\u0641\u062a\u062d \u0645\u062e\u0637\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0648\u064a\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0648\u064a\u0647\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0636\u064a\u0642 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a. \u0648\u064a\u064f\u0636\u064a\u0641 FEC \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647 \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/resourceslp.szlogic.cn\/ar\/glossary\/understanding-what-is-bit-error-rate\/\"><strong>\u0661\u0661. \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644\u0627\u062a \u062e\u0637\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062a (BER)<\/strong><\/a> \u0661\u0660. \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 PAM4.<\/p><\/li><\/ul><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" ><strong>\u0661\u0661. \u25b6 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062b\u0631: \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u064f\u0645\u0643\u0651\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 PAM4 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0661\u0662. \u062a\u0639\u062f \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 PAM4 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><p style=\"margin: 0px;\"><strong>\u0661\u0663. \u0625\u064a\u062b\u0631\u0646\u062a \u0628\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0664\u0660\u0660 \u062c\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 (400GbE):<\/strong> \u0661\u0664. \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0668 \u0642\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0665\u0666 \u062c\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 PAM4 (\u0668\u00d7\u0665\u0660 \u062c\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u062a)\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0664 \u0642\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0661\u0661\u0662 \u062c\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 PAM4 (\u0664\u00d7\u0661\u0660\u0660 \u062c\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u062a).<\/p><\/li><li><p style=\"margin: 0px;\"><strong>\u0661\u0665. \u0625\u064a\u062b\u0631\u0646\u062a \u0628\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0668\u0660\u0660 \u062c\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 (800GbE):<\/strong> \u0661\u0666. \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0668 \u0642\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0661\u0661\u0662 \u062c\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 PAM4 (\u0668\u00d7\u0661\u0660\u0660 \u062c\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u062a).<\/p><\/li><li><p style=\"margin: 0px;\"><strong>\u0661\u0667. \u0625\u064a\u062b\u0631\u0646\u062a \u0628\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0661,\u0666 \u062a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0628\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 (1.6TbE):<\/strong> \u0661\u0668. \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0641\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0646\u0627\u0634\u0626\u0629 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0668 \u0642\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0662\u0662\u0664 \u062c\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 PAM4.<\/p><\/li><li><p style=\"margin: 0px;\"><strong>\u0661\u0669. \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a (DCI):<\/strong> \u0661\u0669. \u0648\u0647\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0633\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u062e\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0631\u0648\u0631 \u0647\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0629.<\/p><\/li><li><p style=\"margin: 0px;\"><strong>\u0662\u0660. \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0637\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\/\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0651\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a (AI\/ML):<\/strong> \u0662\u0661. \u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629 \u0632\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a (GPUs) \u0648\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0637\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a (TPUs) \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u064b\u0651\u0627\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 PAM4.<\/p><\/li><li><p style=\"margin: 0px;\"><strong>\u0662\u0662. \u0642\u0646\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 (Next-Gen Fibre Channel):<\/strong> \u0662\u0663. \u062a\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0633\u0631\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0632\u064a\u0646.<\/p><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" ><strong>\u0662\u0664. \u25b6 \u0645\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 LINK-PP: \u062d\u0644\u0651\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 PAM4<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1200\" height=\"675\" src=\"https:\/\/resourceslp.szlogic.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/c20a116e1e8045fea5af8dfd300c089e.webp\" alt=\"LINK-PP\" class=\"wp-image-4021\" srcset=\"https:\/\/resourceslp.szlogic.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/c20a116e1e8045fea5af8dfd300c089e.webp 1200w, https:\/\/resourceslp.szlogic.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/c20a116e1e8045fea5af8dfd300c089e-300x169.webp 300w, https:\/\/resourceslp.szlogic.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/c20a116e1e8045fea5af8dfd300c089e-1024x576.webp 1024w, https:\/\/resourceslp.szlogic.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/c20a116e1e8045fea5af8dfd300c089e-768x432.webp 768w, https:\/\/resourceslp.szlogic.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/c20a116e1e8045fea5af8dfd300c089e-18x10.webp 18w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1200px) 100vw, 1200px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0662\u0665. \u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 PAM4 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u0629 \u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u064b\u0651\u0627 <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/www.l-p.com\/store-25432-optics-transceivers-sfp-modules.htm\"><strong>\u0663. \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/a>. <strong>\u0664\u0660. LINK-PP<\/strong> \u0661. \u064a\u062a\u0635\u062f\u064e\u0651\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0635\u0645\u0650\u0651\u0645 \u0648\u064a\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0623\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0627\u0644 PAM4 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0644\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u0631\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u0627\u0626\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629. \u0648\u062a\u0636\u0645 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a\u0646\u0627 <strong>\u0662. \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a (DSP)<\/strong>, \u0663. \u0648\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0635\u0627\u0631\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0639\u0628\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u0664. \u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0626\u064a\u0629 PAM4 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 LINK-PP:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><p style=\"margin: 0px;\"><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/www.l-p.com\/products\/472000.htm\"><strong>\u0665. LINK-PP LQD-CW400-FR4C:<\/strong><\/a> \u0666. \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0664\u0660\u0660 \u062c\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u062a\/\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0644\u062a\u063a\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u062a\u0635\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0637\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629. <em>\u0667. (\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a\u0643 \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0664\u0660\u0660 \u062c\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u062a\/\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629)<\/em><\/p><\/li><li><p style=\"margin: 0px;\"><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/www.l-p.com\/products\/473139.htm\"><strong>\u0668. LINK-PP LQ-M85200-SR4C:<\/strong><\/a> \u0669. \u062a\u064f\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0633\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0648\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629.<\/p><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0662\u0663. \u0647\u0630\u0647 <strong>\u0669. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u0629<\/strong> \u0661\u0660. \u0635\u064f\u0645\u0650\u0651\u0645\u062a \u0628\u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u062a\u0639\u0642\u064a\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a PAM4\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0634\u0628\u0643\u062a\u0643 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u0650\u0651\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f\u064a <strong>\u0661\u0661. \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/strong> \u0661\u0662. \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0643 \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" ><strong>\u0661\u0663. \u25b6 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 PAM4<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><p style=\"margin: 0px 0px 4px;\"><strong>\u0663\u0667. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u0627\u064a\u0627:<\/strong><\/p><ul><li><p style=\"margin: 0px;\"><strong>\u0661\u0664. \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0645\u0636\u0627\u0639\u0641\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f\u064a:<\/strong> \u0661\u0665. \u062a\u062d\u0642\u0650\u0651\u0642 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0636\u0627\u0639\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0648\u062f \u0623\u0648 \u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0646\u0627\u0629.<\/p><\/li><li><p style=\"margin: 0px;\"><strong>\u0661\u0666. \u062a\u0645\u0643\u0650\u0651\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0633\u0631\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649:<\/strong> \u0661\u0667. \u062a\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a <strong>\u0661\u0668. \u0664\u0660\u0660 \u062c\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u062a\/\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0668\u0660\u0660 \u062c\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u062a\/\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0661,\u0666 \u062a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0628\u062a\/\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/strong> \u0661\u0669. \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064b\u0627.<\/p><\/li><li><p style=\"margin: 0px;\"><strong>\u0663\u0662. \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0643\u0633\u064a:<\/strong> \u0662\u0660. \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0645\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644\u0627\u062a NRZ \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629 (\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0641\u0629).<\/p><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><p style=\"margin: 0px 0px 4px;\"><strong>\u0662\u0661. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0633:<\/strong><\/p><ul><li><p style=\"margin: 0px;\"><strong>\u0662\u0662. \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0642\u064a\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629:<\/strong> \u0662\u0663. \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a (DSP) \u0648\u0631\u0628\u0645\u0627 \u062f\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 (ASICs\/ICs) \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0643 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064d \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629.<\/p><\/li><li><p style=\"margin: 0px;\"><strong>\u0662\u0664. \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0636\u0627\u0621 (SNR):<\/strong> \u0662\u0665. \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0647\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0634 \u062c\u0647\u062f \u0623\u0635\u063a\u0631 \u0642\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0641 \u0648\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629.<\/p><\/li><li><p style=\"margin: 0px;\"><strong>\u0662\u0666. \u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 DSP:<\/strong> \u0662\u0667. \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0624 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0621 (FEC) \u0642\u062f\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629.<\/p><\/li><li><p style=\"margin: 0px;\"><strong>\u0662\u0668. \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0621 (FEC):<\/strong> \u0662\u0669. \u064a\u064f\u0636\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0632\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 (\u062a\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627) \u0648\u064a\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0643 \u062c\u0632\u0621\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0645.<\/p><\/li><\/ul><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" ><strong>\u0663\u0660. \u25b6 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0629: \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 PAM4 \u0647\u0646\u0627 \u0644\u062a\u0628\u0642\u0649<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0661.\u200f \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u064f\u0639\u064e\u062f\u0651 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 PAM4 \u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0629\u061b \u0628\u0644 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u0645\u0643\u0650\u0651\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0641\u0627\u0626\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u064f\u0634\u063a\u0650\u0651\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a. \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u064f\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u062a\u0639\u0642\u064a\u062f\u0627\u062a\u064d \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629\u064b\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0645\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u0645\u0636\u0627\u0639\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0646\u0627\u0629 \u062a\u064f\u0639\u064e\u062f\u0651 \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629\u064b \u0644\u0627 \u063a\u0646\u0649 \u0639\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u062a\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0639 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0644\u062a\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 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\u0623\u0648 \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u0662.\u200f \u0647\u0644 \u0623\u0646\u062a \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0639\u062f\u064c \u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 PAM4 \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0628\u0643\u062a\u0643\u061f<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u0663.\u200f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 LINK-PP \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 PAM4\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0664\u0660\u0660 \u062c\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0668\u0660\u0660 \u062c\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629.<\/strong> \u0664.\u200f \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0646\u0627 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u062a\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u062b\u0644 <strong>\u0665.\u200f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0651\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0626\u064a\u0629<\/strong> \u0666.\u200f \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0644\u0628\u064a \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0648\u0643\u062b\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/www.l-p.com\/sample.htm\"><strong>\u0667.\u200f \u0627\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0639\u064a\u0651\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 PAM4 \u279e<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/www.l-p.com\/support.htm\"><strong>\u0668.\u200f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u064a \u279e<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" ><strong>\u0661\u0667.\u200f: \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0629<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" >\u0669.\u200f \u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0635\u0648\u062f \u0628\u0640\u00abPAM4\u00bb\u061f<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0661\u0660.\u200f \u062a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u00abPAM4\u00bb \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0636\u064a \u0644\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a. \u0648\u062a\u064f\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062c\u0647\u062f \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 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\u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u0636\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u0636\u060c \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0647\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0621. \u0648\u064a\u064f\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u062a\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0641 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a\u0643.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" >\u0661\u0663.\u200f \u0647\u0644 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 PAM4 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0649\u061f<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0661\u0664.\u200f \u062a\u064f\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 PAM4 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0649. \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0642\u062f \u062a\u062a\u062f\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u062d\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u0636\u0648\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" >\u0661\u0665.\u200f \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 PAM4 \u0641\u064a \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a\u061f<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0661\u0666.\u200f \u062a\u062a\u064a\u062d \u0644\u0643 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 PAM4 \u0625\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0639 \u0643\u0644 \u0631\u0645\u0632\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0636\u0627\u0639\u0641 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u064a. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0634\u0628\u0643\u062a\u0643 \u0623\u0633\u0631\u0639 \u0648\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" >\u0661\u0667.\u200f \u0647\u0644 \u062a\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0631 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 PAM4 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0642\u0637\u061f<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0661\u0668.\u200f \u0643\u0644\u0627\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0643 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 PAM4 \u0645\u0639 \u0643\u0644\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0646: \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u064a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 PAM4 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644\u0627 \u0646\u0648\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\"><p>\u0661\u0669.\u200f \u0646\u0635\u064a\u062d\u0629: \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0646\u062a \u062a\u0633\u0639\u0649 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0623\u0633\u0631\u0639 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0646\u0642\u0644\u060c \u0641\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0651\u0645 \u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 PAM4 \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0628\u0643\u062a\u0643.<\/p><\/blockquote>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0669. \u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 PAM4 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629\u064b \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0637 \u0630\u064a \u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0636\u0629 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\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":4019,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[27],"tags":[26],"class_list":["post-4022","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-glossary","tag-optics-transceivers"],"blocksy_meta":[],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/resourceslp.szlogic.cn\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4022","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/resourceslp.szlogic.cn\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/resourceslp.szlogic.cn\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/resourceslp.szlogic.cn\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/resourceslp.szlogic.cn\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4022"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/resourceslp.szlogic.cn\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4022\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":11378,"href":"https:\/\/resourceslp.szlogic.cn\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4022\/revisions\/11378"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/resourceslp.szlogic.cn\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/4019"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/resourceslp.szlogic.cn\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4022"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/resourceslp.szlogic.cn\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4022"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/resourceslp.szlogic.cn\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4022"}],"curies":[{"name":"\u0661. 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