{"id":3593,"date":"2025-11-27T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2025-11-27T00:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/lp.szlogic.cn\/knowledge-center\/open-networking-definition-benefits-hardware-software-separation\/"},"modified":"2026-06-22T04:37:16","modified_gmt":"2026-06-22T04:37:16","slug":"open-networking-definition-benefits-hardware-software-separation","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/resourceslp.szlogic.cn\/ar\/knowledge-center\/open-networking-definition-benefits-hardware-software-separation","title":{"rendered":"\u0661. \u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d\u0629\u061f \u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0641\u0635\u0644\u0629"},"content":{"rendered":"<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-large\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1408\" height=\"768\" src=\"https:\/\/resourceslp.szlogic.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/e7b5ca78a16242419832d62abbe78bd1.jpg\" alt=\"What Is Open Networking?\" class=\"wp-image-3590\" srcset=\"https:\/\/resourceslp.szlogic.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/e7b5ca78a16242419832d62abbe78bd1.jpg 1408w, https:\/\/resourceslp.szlogic.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/e7b5ca78a16242419832d62abbe78bd1-300x164.jpg 300w, https:\/\/resourceslp.szlogic.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/e7b5ca78a16242419832d62abbe78bd1-1024x559.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/resourceslp.szlogic.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/e7b5ca78a16242419832d62abbe78bd1-768x419.jpg 768w, https:\/\/resourceslp.szlogic.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/e7b5ca78a16242419832d62abbe78bd1-18x10.jpg 18w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1408px) 100vw, 1408px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0663. \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0643\u064a\u060c \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u0645\u0632\u0627\u064a\u0627\u061b \u0628\u0644 \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d\u062a\u0627 \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0646. \u0648\u062a\u064f\u0634\u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0632\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0645\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0650\u0651\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0636\u064a\u0650\u0651\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062d\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u064a\u0631\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a. \u0648\u0647\u0646\u0627 \u064a\u0623\u062a\u064a \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 <strong>\u0664. \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d\u0629<\/strong> \u0665. \u0644\u064a\u0639\u062f\u064e\u0651 \u0628\u0639\u0635\u0631\u064d \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u064d \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0633\u064f\u0651\u0639.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0666. \u0633\u064a\u064f\u0642\u062f\u0650\u0651\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0634\u0631\u062d\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d\u0629\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0648\u0636\u0651\u062d \u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0643\u0648\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u062d\u0627\u0628\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" ><strong>\u0667. \ud83c\udf10 \u0623\u0628\u0631\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><p><strong>\u0668. \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d\u0629<\/strong> \u0669. \u062a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0644\u0643 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0645\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0643 \u062e\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0648\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631.<\/p><\/li><li><p>\u0661\u0660. \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0643 \u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0639\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0631\u0650\u0651\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0646. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0643 \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0643\u0644 \u0634\u064a\u0621.<\/p><\/li><li><p>\u0661\u0661. \u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0628\u0639\u0636\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u0636. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0634\u0628\u0643\u062a\u0643 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0643\u0644.<\/p><\/li><li><p>\u0661\u0662. \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644. \u0648\u062a\u062a\u064a\u062d \u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0645\u0648\u0631\u0650\u0651\u062f \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f.<\/p><\/li><li><p>\u0661\u0663. \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d\u0629\u060c \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064e\u0651\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0643 \u0648\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0647. \u0648\u062a\u0623\u0643\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0643\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a.<\/p><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" ><strong>\u0661\u0664. \ud83c\udf10 \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a: \u0645\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d\u0629\u061f<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0661\u0665. \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0648\u0647\u0631\u0647\u0627\u060c, <strong>\u0664. \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d\u0629<\/strong> \u0661\u0666. \u0647\u064a \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u064f\u0641\u0635\u0650\u0644 <strong>\u0661\u0667. \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u064f\u0641\u0631\u0650\u0651\u0642<\/strong> \u0661\u0668. \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 (\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a) \u0648\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 (\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645). \u0648\u0628\u062f\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0634\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0628\u062f\u0650\u0651\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u0650\u0651\u062f \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u064a\u0642\u064a\u0650\u0651\u062f\u0643 \u0628\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u062a\u0647 \u0648\u0628\u0631\u0645\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0643:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><p style=\"margin: 0px;\"><strong>\u0661\u0669. \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u062a\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629:<\/strong> \u0662\u0660. \u0634\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0631\u062e\u064a\u0635\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0645\u0646 \u062a\u064f\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0645 <strong>\u0662\u0661. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u062f\u0650\u0651\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0636\u0627\u0621<\/strong>.<\/p><\/li><li><p style=\"margin: 0px;\"><strong>\u0662\u0662. \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u0645\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629:<\/strong> \u0662\u0663. \u062a\u062b\u0628\u064a\u062a \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0634\u0628\u0643\u064a (NOS) \u0645\u0631\u0646\u060c \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 SONiC \u0623\u0648 Cumulus Linux \u0623\u0648 FRR.<\/p><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0661. \u0641\u0643\u0651\u0631 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0643\u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0643\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0648\u062a\u0631 \u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a. \u0641\u0644\u0646 \u062a\u0634\u062a\u0631\u064a \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0643\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0648\u062a\u0631 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u062f\u0645\u062c\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645. \u0628\u0644 \u062a\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0643 (\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0632\u064a\u0646)\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u062a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u062a\u062b\u0628\u064a\u062a \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u064a\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0632 \u0623\u0648 \u0644\u064a\u0646\u0643\u0633 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0627\u0643 \u0623\u0648 \u0625\u0633. <strong>\u0668. \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d\u0629<\/strong> \u0662. \u064a\u0637\u0628\u0651\u0642 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0634\u0628\u0643\u062a\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0663. \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f\u0651 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0627\u064b \u064a\u064f\u0645\u0643\u0651\u0646 <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/resourceslp.szlogic.cn\/ar\/knowledge-center\/software-defined-networking-centralized-flexible-network-management\/\"><strong>\u0661\u0663. \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u0639\u0631\u064e\u0651\u0641\u0629 \u0628\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0645\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a (SDN)<\/strong><\/a> \u0664. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0645\u062c\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" ><strong>\u0665. \ud83c\udf10 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629: \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d\u0629<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0666. \u0648\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0643 \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627\u060c \u062f\u0639\u0646\u0627 \u0646\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629\u064b \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\">\n<table class=\"has-fixed-layout\">\n<colgroup><col style=\"min-width: 25px;\"\/><col style=\"min-width: 25px;\"\/><col style=\"min-width: 25px;\"\/><\/colgroup><tbody><tr><th colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p>\u0661\u0668.\u200f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0629<\/p><\/th><th colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p>\u0667. \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629<\/p><\/th><th colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p>\u0668. \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d\u0629<\/p><\/th><\/tr><tr><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/p><\/td><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p>\u0669. \u0645\u062f\u0645\u062c\u0629\/\u0645\u063a\u0644\u0642\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0648\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 (NOS) \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0626\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f.<\/p><\/td><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p>\u0661\u0660. \u0645\u0646\u0641\u0635\u0644\u0629\/\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0648\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0641\u0635\u0644\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644.<\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p><strong>\u0661\u0661. \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0631\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0631\u0650\u0651\u062f<\/strong><\/p><\/td><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p><strong>\u0661\u0662. \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639.<\/strong> \u0661\u0663. \u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0631\u0650\u0651\u062f \u0645\u0639\u0642\u064e\u0651\u062f \u0648\u0645\u0643\u0644\u0641.<\/p><\/td><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p><strong>\u0661\u0664. \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636.<\/strong> \u0661\u0665. \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062e\u0644\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0641\u0648\u0650\u0651\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u062a\u0627\u062d.<\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p><strong>\u0661\u0666. \u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629<\/strong><\/p><\/td><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p>\u0661\u0667. \u0631\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639 (CapEx) \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u0645\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0641\u0631\u0636\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0631\u0650\u0651\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0639\u0629.<\/p><\/td><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p>\u0661\u0668. \u0631\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0623\u0642\u0644 (\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629)\u061b \u0648\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629 (OpEx) \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0645\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645.<\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p><strong>\u0661\u0669. \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0629<\/strong><\/p><\/td><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p>\u0662\u0660. \u0628\u0637\u064a\u0621\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062e\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0648\u0631\u0650\u0651\u062f \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f.<\/p><\/td><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p>\u0662\u0661. \u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0645\u064a\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0645\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644.<\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p><strong>\u0663. \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0635<\/strong><\/p><\/td><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p>\u0662\u0662. \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635\u0648\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0645\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0642\u0631\u0651\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0631\u0650\u0651\u062f.<\/p><\/td><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p>\u0662\u0663. \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064d\u061b \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0623\u062a\u0645\u062a\u0629 \u0645\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0629.<\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p><strong>\u0662\u0664. \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/p><\/td><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p>\u0662\u0665. \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0635\u0648\u064e\u0651\u0631 \u0648\u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629.<\/p><\/td><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p>\u0662\u0666. \u0645\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u0628\u0648\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0631\u064f\u0651\u0631 \u062a\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0631\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0631\u0650\u0651\u062f.<\/p><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" ><strong>\u0662\u0667. \ud83c\udf10 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0633\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d\u0629<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0662\u0668. \u0644\u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0628\u0646\u0651\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0650\u0651\u0645\u0648 \u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062d\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c\u061f \u0625\u0646 <strong>\u0662\u0669. \u0641\u0648\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d\u0629<\/strong> \u0663\u0660. \u0645\u0642\u0646\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u064a\u0629:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\" >\n<li><p style=\"margin: 0px;\"><strong>\u0663\u0661. \u062e\u0641\u0636 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641:<\/strong> \u0663\u0662. \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0641\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 (white-box switches)\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0643 \u062a\u062c\u0646\u064f\u0651\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0647\u0638\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0644\u0650\u0651\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 (CapEx) \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631.<\/p><\/li><li><p style=\"margin: 0px;\"><strong>\u0663\u0663. \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0631\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0631\u0650\u0651\u062f:<\/strong> \u0663\u0664. \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0639\u062f \u062e\u0627\u0636\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0623\u0633\u0639\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0631\u0650\u0651\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u064a\u062f \u0623\u0648 \u062f\u0639\u0645\u0647 \u0623\u0648 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062a\u0647. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0646\u062d\u0643 \u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0629.<\/p><\/li><li><p style=\"margin: 0px;\"><strong>\u0663\u0665. \u0645\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u0628\u0648\u0642\u062a\u064a\u0646:<\/strong> \u0661. \u0647\u0644 \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0628\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0643\u0648\u0644 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u061f \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0643 \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630\u0647 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0645\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0633\u0631\u0651\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648 <strong>\u0662. \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0651\u0639<\/strong> \u0663. \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648.<\/p><\/li><li><p style=\"margin: 0px;\"><strong>\u0664. \u064a\u0639\u0632\u0651\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0631:<\/strong> \u0665. \u062a\u0634\u062c\u0651\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629.<\/p><\/li><li><p style=\"margin: 0px;\"><strong>\u0666. \u0623\u062a\u0645\u062a\u0629 \u0645\u0628\u0633\u0651\u0637\u0629:<\/strong> \u0667. \u0648\u0628\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062d\u0651\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0645\u062c\u0629 (NOS)\u060c \u062a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0623\u062a\u0645\u062a\u0629 \u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u0647\u0644 \u0628\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631.<\/p><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" >\u0668. \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u062f\u0651\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0669. \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0648\u0651\u062a\u0647\u0627\u060c, <strong>\u0664. \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d\u0629<\/strong> \u0661\u0660. \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u062e\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a. \u0648\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0639\u062f\u0651\u0629\u064b \u0644\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u064a:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><p style=\"margin: 0px;\"><strong>\u0661\u0661. \u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644:<\/strong> \u0661\u0662. \u062a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0623\u0646\u062a \u0645\u064f\u062f\u0645\u0650\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629. \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0627\u062a\u0642 \u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0643 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u064f\u062f\u0645\u0650\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0631\u062a\u0647 \u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0645\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a.<\/p><\/li><li><p style=\"margin: 0px;\"><strong>\u0661\u0663. \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645:<\/strong> \u0661\u0664. \u0628\u062f\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0645\u0648\u0631\u0651\u062f \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u0641\u0642\u0637\u060c \u0642\u062f \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0642\u0648\u062f \u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0645\u0646\u0641\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0645\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a. \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u064a\u0642\u062f\u0651\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629.<\/p><\/li><li><p style=\"margin: 0px;\"><strong>\u0661\u0665. \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a:<\/strong> \u0661\u0666. \u0642\u062f \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0634\u0628\u0643\u062a\u0643 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0643\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0644\u064a\u0646\u0643\u0633\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062a\u0645\u062a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0645\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631.<\/p><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" ><strong>\u0661\u0667. \ud83c\udf10 \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d\u0629<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1200\" height=\"712\" src=\"https:\/\/resourceslp.szlogic.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/1ecebbd4afe94508ab080f3b91f600f1.webp\" alt=\"optical transceiver\" class=\"wp-image-3591\" srcset=\"https:\/\/resourceslp.szlogic.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/1ecebbd4afe94508ab080f3b91f600f1.webp 1200w, https:\/\/resourceslp.szlogic.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/1ecebbd4afe94508ab080f3b91f600f1-300x178.webp 300w, https:\/\/resourceslp.szlogic.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/1ecebbd4afe94508ab080f3b91f600f1-1024x608.webp 1024w, https:\/\/resourceslp.szlogic.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/1ecebbd4afe94508ab080f3b91f600f1-768x456.webp 768w, https:\/\/resourceslp.szlogic.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/1ecebbd4afe94508ab080f3b91f600f1-18x12.webp 18w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1200px) 100vw, 1200px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0661\u0668. \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0636\u0639\u0641 \u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u201c\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0637\u201d \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0636\u0648\u0626\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0647\u0646\u0627 \u062a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0626\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0648 <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/www.l-p.com\/store-25432-optics-transceivers-sfp-modules.htm\"><strong>\u0663\u0666. \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/a>, \u0661\u0669. .<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u0662\u0660. \u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0626\u064a\u0629\u061f<\/strong><br\/>\u0663\u0668. \u0623\u064e\u0646\u0652 <strong>\u0667. \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062e\u0646<\/strong> \u0662\u0661. \u0647\u064a \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u064f\u062b\u0628\u064e\u0651\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0641\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u062f\u0651\u0644. \u0648\u0645\u0647\u0645\u062a\u0647 \u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u062f\u0651\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0636\u0648\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u064f\u0631\u0633\u0644 \u0639\u0628\u0631 <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/resourceslp.szlogic.cn\/ar\/knowledge-center\/fiber-optic-cable-what-it-is-and-how-it-works-explained\/\"><strong>\u0643\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/a>, \u0662\u0662. \u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d. \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0628\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u0662\u0663. \u0644\u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u062a\u064f\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0627\u0633\u0645\u0629\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d\u0629\u061f<\/strong><br\/>\u0662\u0664. \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u060c \u064a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0631\u0651\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 <strong>\u0662\u0665. \u0645\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0636\u0648\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u064a\u062f\u0629<\/strong>, \u0662\u0666. \u060c \u0623\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0628\u062f\u0651\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0634\u0641\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0645\u0639 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u064f\u0628\u0627\u0639 \u0628\u0623\u0633\u0639\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639\u0629. \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0640 <strong>\u0664. \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d\u0629<\/strong> \u0662\u0667. \u0641\u0647\u0648 \u0625\u0632\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0662\u0668. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d\u0629\u060c \u0635\u064f\u0645\u0651\u0645\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u062f\u0651\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0644\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 <strong>\u0662\u0669. \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u062d\u064a\u0651\u0632\u0629 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0626\u064a\u0629<\/strong>. \u0663\u0660. . \u0641\u0647\u064a \u062a\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c, <strong>MSA-compatibles <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/resourceslp.szlogic.cn\/ar\/knowledge-center\/multi-source-agreements-optical-transceivers\/\"><strong>\u0661\u0660. (\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631)<\/strong><\/a> \u0661. \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0635\u0646\u0651\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u0641 \u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0644\u0643 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u0644 \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0643\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0662. \u0641\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0643\u064f\u0651\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064d \u0647\u0648 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064c \u062c\u0648\u0647\u0631\u064a\u064c\u0651 \u0644\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d <strong>\u0663. \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a<\/strong> \u0664. \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631. \u0648\u0647\u0646\u0627 \u064a\u0623\u062a\u064a \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u0650\u0651\u062f\u064d \u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u064d \u0645\u062b\u0644 <strong>\u0664\u0660. LINK-PP<\/strong> \u0663. \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0642. <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/www.link-pp.com\/\"><strong>\u0664\u0660. LINK-PP<\/strong><\/a>\u2018\u0665. \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0640\u202f\u00ab\u202f\u202f\u00bb \u0645\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u0642 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 MSA \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u0631\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u00ab\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0636\u0627\u0621\u00bb (white-box)\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0634\u0628\u0643\u062a\u0643.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0666. \u062d\u0644\u064c\u0651 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u064e\u0651\u062f: \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0643 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0661\u0660\u0660 \u062c\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u062a\/\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/resourceslp.szlogic.cn\/ar\/spine-leaf-architecture-in-optical-networks-explained\/\"><strong>\u0667. \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0648\u062f (spine) \u0648\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0642\u0629 (leaf)<\/strong><\/a>, \u0662\u0669. \u060c \u0648 <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/www.l-p.com\/products\/473115.htm\"><strong>\u0666. \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 LINK-PP QSFP28-100G-SR4<\/strong><\/a> \u0668. \u062a\u064f\u0639\u064e\u062f\u064f\u0651 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u062e\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0632\u064b\u0627. \u0641\u0647\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u062d\u0644\u0627\u064b\u0651 \u0642\u0648\u064a\u064b\u0651\u0627 \u0648\u0641\u0639\u0651\u0627\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u062b\u0631\u0646\u062a \u0628\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0661\u0660\u0660 \u062c\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u062a\/\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0641 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0637 (multimode fiber)\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0634\u0649 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0639 \u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u064a \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0644\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" ><strong>\u0669. \ud83c\udf10 \u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0621 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d\u0629<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0661\u0660. \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0642\u0641\u0632\u0629\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0644\u0627\u0645. \u0628\u0644 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0621 \u0628\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\" >\n<li><p style=\"margin: 0px;\"><strong>\u0661\u0661. \u062d\u062f\u062f \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645:<\/strong> \u0661\u0662. \u0627\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0632\u0621 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u062d\u0631\u062c \u0645\u0646 \u0634\u0628\u0643\u062a\u0643\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0623\u0648 \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u00ab\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0648\u062f-\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0642\u0629\u00bb \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a.<\/p><\/li><li><p style=\"margin: 0px 0px 8px;\"><strong>\u0661\u0663. \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0631 \u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a\u0643:<\/strong><\/p><ul><li><p style=\"margin: 0px;\"><strong>\u0661\u0664. \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629:<\/strong> \u0661\u0665. \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0631 \u0645\u0628\u062f\u0651\u0644 \u00ab\u0639\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0636\u0627\u0621\u00bb (white-box) \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0635\u0646\u0651\u0639 \u0623\u0635\u0644\u064a (ODM) \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0643\u062b\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0630 \u0648\u0633\u0631\u0639\u062a\u0647\u0627 (\u0645\u062b\u0644: \u0661 \u062c\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u062a\/\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0661\u0660 \u062c\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u062a\/\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0662\u0665 \u062c\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u062a\/\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0661\u0660\u0660 \u062c\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u062a\/\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629).<\/p><\/li><li><p style=\"margin: 0px;\"><strong>\u0661\u0666. \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0645\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a:<\/strong> \u0661\u0667. \u0642\u062f\u0650\u0651\u0645 \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0645\u062b\u0644 SONiC\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0638\u0649 \u0628\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0641\u0650\u0651\u0631 \u062f\u0639\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u064a\u064b\u0651\u0627.<\/p><\/li><li><p style=\"margin: 0px;\"><strong>\u0661\u0668. \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a:<\/strong> \u0661\u0669. \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0635\u0646\u0651\u0639\u064d \u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u064d \u0645\u062b\u0644 <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/www.link-pp.com\/\"><strong>\u0664\u0660. LINK-PP<\/strong><\/a> \u0662\u0660. \u0644\u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a\u0643 \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0628\u062f\u0621\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 SFP+ \u0648\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 QSFP-DD.<\/p><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><p style=\"margin: 0px;\"><strong>\u0662\u0661. \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u0621:<\/strong> \u0662\u0662. \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0630\u0648\u064a \u062e\u0628\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0650\u0651\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a <strong>\u0662\u0663. \u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0643\u064e\u0651\u0643\u0629 (disaggregated networking solutions)<\/strong>.<\/p><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" ><strong>\u0662\u0664. \ud83c\udf10 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u062a\u0645\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d \u0644\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0627\u062a<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u0668. \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d\u0629<\/strong> \u0661.\u200f \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u061b \u0628\u0644 \u0647\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u062c\u0648\u0647\u0631\u064a \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629\u064b \u0648\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629\u064b \u0648\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0627\u062a. \u0648\u0628\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0645\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u064f\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0644\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0648\u064a\u064f\u0633\u0631\u0651\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0662.\u200f \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u0651\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644 <strong>\u0662\u0669. \u0641\u0648\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d\u0629<\/strong>\u0663.\u200f \u2014\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0641\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\u2014 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0625\u0646\u0643\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627. \u0648\u0639\u0646\u062f \u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637\u0643 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u062a\u0643\u060c \u0641\u0643\u0651\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d. \u0648\u0628\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0632\u0648\u0650\u0651\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062b\u0644 <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/www.link-pp.com\/\"><strong>\u0664\u0660. LINK-PP<\/strong><\/a>, \u0664.\u200f\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0643 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0648\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u064a \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064d\u0651 \u0642\u0627\u062f\u0645.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" ><strong>\u0665.\u200f \ud83c\udf10 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0629<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" >\u0666.\u200f \u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0635\u0648\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d\u0629\u061f<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0667.\u200f \u062a\u062a\u064a\u062d \u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629. \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u0642\u0637. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0646\u062d\u0643 \u062e\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064d \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0648\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0631\u0629\u064b \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" >\u0668.\u200f \u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0635\u0648\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0643\u064e\u0651\u0643\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0627\u062a\u061f<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0669.\u200f \u062a\u062a\u064a\u062d \u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0643\u064e\u0651\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0645\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0641\u0635\u0644. \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0643 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0641\u0636\u0644\u0647\u0627\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u062a\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0645\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a\u0643. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0643 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062c\u0646\u064f\u0651\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0631\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0627\u0626\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" >\u0661\u0660.\u200f \u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0635\u0648\u062f \u0628\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u064a\u061f<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0661\u0661.\u200f \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u064a \u0647\u0648 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c\u064c \u0644\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u062a\u062b\u0628\u0651\u062a\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647. \u0648\u064a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u064b\u0627.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" >\u0661\u0662.\u200f \u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0635\u0648\u062f \u0628\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629\u061f<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0661\u0663.\u200f \u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u064f\u0646\u0634\u0626 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0634\u0628\u0643\u062a\u0643. \u0648\u0647\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0645\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064d \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f. \u0648\u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637 \u0634\u0628\u0643\u062a\u0643 \u0648\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0626\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" >\u0661\u0664.\u200f \u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d\u0629\u061f<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0661\u0665.\u200f \u062a\u062d\u0635\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062e\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064d \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631\u064d \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062a\u064d \u0623\u0633\u0631\u0639. \u0648\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0643 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0648\u0628\u0631\u0645\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0634\u0628\u0643\u062a\u0643 \u0633\u0647\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644 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